城市生活垃圾卧式气流分选特性研究

利用处理能力100 kg/h的卧式气流分选机开展生活垃圾中塑料分选实验。实验结果表明:进风角度为10°、15°时,分别对应存在>8.5 m/s、7.7～9.3 m/s的风速范围,使塑料的纯度和分选效率达到80%以上;利用Fluent软件模拟,结果表明:进风角度>15°时,分选机内气流复杂,塑料纯度和分选效率的波动性大,仅存在较窄的风速范围可使总纯度和分选效率同时达到80%以上。     

水平弯管内硫沉积数值模拟研究

元素硫在集输管道中沉积会引起堵塞和腐蚀问题,而弯管是集输管道中较易出现硫沉积的部位之一。为此,采用数值模拟的方法研究水平弯管内的硫沉积问题,首先利用雷诺应力模型对流场进行模拟,其次采用Lagrange颗粒轨道模型对硫颗粒进行模拟追踪,研究不同因素对硫颗粒在弯管中沉积率的影响。结果表明:弯管内壁会出现负压区和低速区,气流速度和弯曲比会对流场产生影响;硫颗粒在弯管中的沉积率随流速、粒径和弯曲比的增大而增大;硫颗粒沉积是重力和离心力共同作用的结果,其中离心力是导致弯管中沉积率增大的重要原因。     

新型复合式除尘器

针对电、布除尘器的特点,提出了一种新型静电布袋混合式除尘器,并已应用于工业中。在没有使用任意阀门的前提下,该产品将电除尘器和布袋除尘器结合在一起,取长补短,充分发挥了电除尘器能大量收尘、节能、维护检修工作量小,还可捕集高比电阻和低比电阻等特殊干性粉尘,解决了电除尘难以净化的含微米或亚微米烟尘的难题。兼具布袋除尘器对粉尘粒度和比电阻不敏感、排放浓度低的优点。一级静电除尘器效率可达90%,对于粉尘浓度为30 g/m3左右的燃煤锅炉,经过静电除尘后进入滤袋的粉尘浓度只有3 g/m3。对于这种粉尘浓度,滤袋的清灰周期可达3 h以上。由于清灰周期的大大增长,可大大提高滤袋的寿命。该产品性价比优良、占地面积少、结构简单。尤其在净化效率、气体阻力等主要技术指标方面达到了环保要求。     

An Evaluation of the NIOSH Lifting Equation: A Psychophysical and Biomechanical Investigation

Using the results of psychophysical and biomechanical experiments, NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Recommended Weight Limit (RWL), the Lifting Index (LI), the form of the asymmetry multiplier, and the criterion for compression force were investigated. Analysis of the results indicated a significant difference between the NIOSH RWL and the reported Maximum Acceptable Weight of Lift (MAWL). Contrary to the NIOSH lifting equation, the form of the asymmetry multiplier was found to be non-linear. The overall average of peak compression force on the L5/S1 was 3685 N. Fifty-eight percent of all compression forces reported in the biomechanical experiment were found to exceed the suggested 3400 N set by NIOSH guidelines. These results support previous research findings on the validity of NIOSH guidelines.     

Isometric Pull and Push Strengths of Paraplegics in the Workspace: 2. Statistical Analysis of Spatial Factors

The effect of reach levels, horizontal angles, and vertical angles on isometric pull and push strengths of male and female was determined. Highly significant increases in men’s push strength were found between extreme to maximum reaches, and from extreme to normal reaches. However, for women’s push strength, a significant increase was found only between extreme to maximum reach. Significant or highly significant increases were found in men’s and women’s pull strength between the horizontal angle (θ) sagittal through the active shoulder (90°) and other angles (0, 45, and 135°). However, for men’s push strength, highly significant increases were found between the horizontal angle 45° from the frontal plane, and other angles. For women’s push strength, significant or highly significant increases were found between the horizontal angles 0° and angles of 90 and 135°. For men’s and women’s pull strength, significant or highly significant increases were found between the vertical angle (?), 90°, and other angles (–20, 0, and 45°). Similar increases were found for women’s push strength between the 45° angle and other angles. In the design of a workstation for paraplegics that requires pull and push forces, consideration must be given to the spatial factors.     

基于生态足迹方法的中国区域间生态转移支付研究

针对中国经济发展中出现的“反溢出效应”,有学者认为占用外省市自然资源的地区应给予输出自然资源的地区一定的经济补偿,也是生态转移支付的一种形式,试图以此实现社会经济发展的公平性。文章基于生态足迹理论,建立这种补偿的理论基础并尝试确定补偿的标准。结果显示：有13个省市需要向其他地区支付一定的生态补偿。应支付生态补偿的地区多为东部沿海的经济发达地区,应接受补偿的地区多为较落后的中西部地区。     

Trans-ocean wireless transfer of electricity from continent to continent

The author offers collections from his previous research of the revolutionary new ideas: wireless transfer of electric energy to a long distance – from one continent to another continent through the Earth's ionosphere and the storage of the electric energy in the ionosphere. Earlier he also suggested the use of electronic tubes as the method for transportation of electricity into outer space and the 100-km electrostatic space towers for connection to the Earth's ionosphere. Earlier a connection to the Earth's ionosphere using 100-km solid or inflatable towers was suggested. however, the technology faces difficulties. In this work, connection to the Earth's ionosphere by thin plastic tubes supported in the atmosphere by electron gas and electrostatic force is researched. Building this system is cheap and easy using the current technology. The computation allows estimating the possibility of the suggested method.     

成都龙泉山地区建设用地生态适宜性评价

随着景观格局与生态过程之间的关系日益受到重视,传统的评价方法已经不能满足生态适宜性评价的发展需要。本文以成都市龙泉山地区为例,从景观类型、生态功能、生态价值、土壤侵蚀敏感性和地质灾害敏感性5个方面建立评价指标体系,分别采用最小累积阻力模型和模糊综合评判法描述水平生态过程和垂直生态过程下的生态适宜性,综合两种评价结果进行建设用地的生态适宜性评价。研究结果表明,模型机理的差异使评价结果有着很大的区别,两种方法的综合应用可以有效弥补彼此的不足,本文将研究区的生态适宜性评价结果划分为禁止开发区、严格限建区、一般限建区、重点开发区和优化开发区5个分区,各区的面积分别为259．70km^2、793．89km2、1220．35km2、739．68km2和490．42km2。以往的生态适宜性评价方法往往单一地考虑水平或者垂直生态过程,本文构建的这种综合水平和垂直生态过程的评价方法为生态适宜性评价的方法研究提供了有益的尝试和补充。     

小井眼双阶梯水平井摩阻分析及降摩阻技术

阶梯水平井作为一种特殊水平井,是开采低渗透、薄油藏的有效途径,然而,针对小井眼双阶梯水平井,由于钻具重量有限,定向滑动钻进过程中,钻压的施加极为困难,直接关系到钻井安全。分析了小井眼双阶梯水平井摩阻产生的原因,形成了以改善接触正压力和摩擦系数为主的小井眼双阶梯水平井降摩阻配套技术,并进行了现场应用。结果表明,通过简化井身结构,增加下部钻具的柔性,改善钻具与井眼之间的间隙,优化井眼轨道类型、靶前位移及造斜率,采用强抑制低摩阻低伤害暂堵钻井液体系等配套技术措施,可降低钻井过程中的摩阻,在确保安全钻井情况下,能有效地提高机械钻速,成功实现地质钻探目的,平均砂岩钻遇率为70.4%,为小井眼双阶梯水平井提供借鉴作用。     

地铁换乘车站客流疏运模拟及风险分析（2）——单通道换乘车站

为了研究通道换乘地铁车站的客流疏运过程及风险点,文章针对某单通道换乘车站,通过对车站通道和客流分析,提出了优化的客流流线;并基于智能个体和矢量空间模拟技术,建立了地铁换乘车站的疏运模型,模拟了高峰时间段内的客流疏运过程。数值模拟结果显示了交叉客流、拥堵发生位置及原因,辨识了高风险位置,并提出了整改措施。文章提出的模拟方法和结论可为国内外类似车站制定客流组织方案及通道设计提供参考。