Metal characterization of airborne particulate matters in a coastal region

The concentrations of suspended particulate matter in the air of the Orissa Sand Complex had an average value of 128 ± 10 µg m^?3 in residential areas and 170 ± 8 µg m^?3 in mining areas. PM₁₀ levels in residential areas were found to have an average of 35 ± 10 µg m^?3, in mining areas 45 ± 10 µg m^?3. The distribution of some elements is also discussed here. Inhalation doses were observed to be higher in summer than in winter and the rainy season. The highest dose rate was for the age group of 1 year, and health risks were found to be highest for the same. For adults, inhalation dose and health risk are 1.3 times higher in mining than in residential areas.     

The victims of unsustainability: a challenge to sustainable development goals

Environmental unsustainability is due to both structural features and historically specific characteristics of industrial capitalism resulting in specific patterns of production and consumption, as well as population growth. Sustainability literature criticises the established corporate and political power hegemonies, interested in maintaining economic growth, as well as inability or unwillingness of citizen-consumers to counteract these hegemonic tendencies. Yet, official policies are still targeted at social and economic ‘development’ as a panacea for unsustainability challenges. Instead, renewed accent on social and economic objectives are outlined by a set of sustainable development goals (SDG) that include objectives of fighting poverty, promoting better health, reducing mortality, and stimulating equitable economic growth. What is less commonly critiqued is the underlying morality of unsustainability and ethical questions concerned with the ‘victims of unsustainability’ outside of socioeconomic discourse. The achievement of SDG goals, as will be further elaborated on in this article, is unlikely to lead to greater social equality and economic prosperity, but to a greater spread of unsustainable production and consumption, continuous economic as well as population growth that has caused environmental problems in the first place and further objectification of environment and its elements. This article argues that an invocation of ethical duty toward environment and its elements is required in order to move beyond the current status quo. Such ethical approach to unsustainability can effectively address the shortcomings of the mainstream sustainability discourse that is mainly anthropocentric and therefore fails to identify the correct locus of unsustainability.     

Approaches and terminology for causal analysis in land systems science

Research into land and social-ecological systems science could benefit from improved clarity in the terminology used for causal analysis and a structured way to make causal inferences. Here I identify two aspects of causality, i.e. causal effects and causal mechanisms, and discuss explanation in historical sciences. I then propose definitions for the major terms used for causal relations, including driver, (spatial) determinant, location and contextual factor, proximate and underlying factors. Finally, I discuss the contribution of various operational approaches, including time series and counterfactual approaches for assessing causal effects and process-tracing approaches for establishing causal mechanisms. Having a coherent concept of causality, agreeing on a precise vocabulary and harnessing our tools with the clear purpose of establishing both causal effects and causal mechanisms should strengthen causal explanations for single cases, for drawing policy-relevant lessons and for theoretical development in relation to land and, more broadly, social-ecological systems processes.     

燃煤型砷中毒的最低有效累积暴露剂量初探

以陕南燃煤型砷中毒病区的5个自然村为调查采样点,通过现场流行病学调查和环境样品的分析测定,分析砷暴露人群的砷暴露途径,估算各暴露途径(呼吸、饮水和食物)的暴露剂量及对总暴露的贡献率,探讨引发燃煤型地方性砷中毒发病的最低有效暴露剂量。研究结果表明,除对照村外,采暖季各村的烤火间和卧室空气砷含量均有不同程度的超标,水和粮食未受燃煤砷污染。在采暖季,高砷煤燃烧污染的空气是人群砷暴露的主要来源;在非采暖季消化道砷暴露是各村的主要摄砷途径;表明消化道暴露对累积砷暴露的贡献不容忽视。结合问卷调查和流行病学调查结果,估算陕南病区引发燃煤型砷中毒的最低累积暴露剂量在1 712 mg左右。     

政府激励企业环境技术创新的初步研究

环境技术创新是实施可持续发展战略的有效个介手段。政府激励企业ＥＳＴｓ的手段有开展环保教育，制订宏观经济管理政策，调整经济体制和结构，加强经济手段和实施环境法。政府激企业ＥＳＴｓ应兼顾多重目标、以及通过完善市场机制来节约激励成本。     

文山州经济与社会可持续发展探讨

文山州矿产，森林，水力资源丰富，近年来在经济迅速发展的同时，一些不合理的开发与利用，也带来了资源及环境污染问题。本文分析了文山州经济发展与环境状况，对经济与环境协调发展问题提出一些建议。     

Eco county construction in China

１　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎＣｈｉｎａ，ｃｏｕｎｔｙｉｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｅｌｅｍｅｎｔａｒｙｕｎｉｔｉｎａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎ．Ｉｔｈａｓｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔａｕｔｈｏｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｎｐｏｌｉｃｙｍａｋｉｎｇａｎｄａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｖｅｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ．Ｉｎｇｅｎｅｒａｌ，ａｃｏｕｎｔｙｈａｓａｌａｎｄａｒｅａｏｆ１０００—４０００ｋｍ２ｗｉｔｈａｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆ０－２—０－８ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ．Ｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅ１９９０ｓ，ｃｏｕｎｔｙｉｓｒ…     

建立我国战略环境评价理论与方法体系

战略环境评价是环境影响评价在战略层次上的应用，是具体落实可持续发展战略的重要工具。在分析其现实意义的基础上，提出我国战略环境评价理论与方法体系的主要研究内容，就建立我国战略环境评价理论与方法提出建议。     

二噁英的毒性与防治

分析了二英的化学结构与毒性的关系，二英的来源，对人体健康的潜在危害以及可能造成的环境污染，提出了防治措施。