Why are Californians interested in hybrid cars?

This paper explores quantitatively Californians' interest in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) based on a statewide phone survey conducted in July 2004 by the Public Policy Institute of California. The paper develops ordered choice models and factors that summarise beliefs about energy and the environment using principal component analysis. As expected, Californians concerned about the environment, energy efficiency, global warming and recent increases in the price of gasoline state a higher interest in hybrids; an even more important reason for considering hybrid electric vehicles, however, is the possibility of using high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes while driving alone, especially for people with potentially long commutes to work. The findings also suggest that beliefs about energy and the environment should be included in vehicle type choice models.     

农杆菌介导的抗除草剂基因转入两系杂交稻恢复系的研究

利用农杆菌水稻高效转化系统,成功地将外源ＢＡＲ基因转入实用性两系要交稻恢复系Ｒ１８７和秀水０４,经过除草剂Ｂａｓｔａ田间涂布试验,其阳性率达到９０％以上。对转基因植株同步进行的ＰＣＲ特异扩增和总ＤＮＡ Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ检测结果也证实抗Ｂａｓｔａ的植株中含有ＢＡＲ基因。讨论了应用转ＢＡＲ基因的方法提高两系杂交水稻制种纯度的条件。图２表１参３     

Identification and spatial patterns of coastal water pollution sources based on GIS and chemometric approach

Comprehensive and joint applications of GIS and chemometric approach were applied in identification and spatial patterns of coastal water pollution sources with a large data set （5 years （2000-2004）, 17 parameters） obtained through coastal water monitoring of Southern Water Control Zone in Hong Kong. According to cluster analysis the pollution degree was significantly different between September-next May （the 1st period） and June-August （the 2nd period）. Based on these results, four potential pollution sources, such as organic/eutrophication pollution, natural pollution, mineral/anthropic pollution and fecal pollution were identified by factor analysis/principal component analysis. Then the factor scores of each monitoring site were analyzed using inverse distance weighting method, and the results indicated degree of the influence by various potential pollution sources differed among the monitoring sites. This study indicated that hybrid approach was useful and effective for identification of coastal water pollution source and spatial patterns.     

混合气液两相放电对水中有机物降解的机理研究

采用混合气液两相放电的方法来处理水中的有机物.结果表明,这种新型的水处理方法对于苯酚具有较好地去除效果．随着电压的增加和空气的通入,苯酚的去除率都有所增加. 对放电区域内产生的活性物种——过氧化氢和臭氧进行了定量的测定,并发现随着电压和空气的通入量的增加,这2种物质的量都有所增加．对于反应过程中的能耗进行分析得到随着电压的增加,能耗增加的幅度要大于苯酚降解率增加的幅度,能量效率增加较小. 空气的通入增加了能耗, 输入总能量中一部分能量使反应溶液温度升高,导致了能量的损耗.     

酒精蒸气/烟草粉尘两相混合体系最小点火能试验研究

在烟草加工的加香工序,挥发的酒精和搅拌混料产生的烟草粉尘形成气粉混合体系,其燃爆特性相较于单相烟草粉尘有较大变化。对20 L爆炸球进行了部分改造,可完成20℃～80℃环境温度、100%LEL以下酒精蒸气浓度、最大2 J电火花能量组合的气粉混合物的最小点火能测试。选用烘丝和加香烟草粉尘做对比,探究了环境温度和酒精蒸气浓度对酒精蒸气/烟草粉尘两相混合体系点火能的影响规律。结果表明：相同环境温度下,加香烟草粉尘的最小点火能比烘丝烟草粉尘低;加香粉尘、烘丝粉尘及混合体系的最小点火能随环境温度变化的趋势一致,均随温度的升高而降低;加入10%LEL的酒精蒸气后,相同温度下气粉混合体系的最小点火能低于单相烟草粉尘。随着环境温度的升高,二者的差值逐渐减小,酒精蒸气诱导烟草粉尘最小点火能降低的能力逐步减小甚至消失;在电点火条件下,当酒精蒸气浓度低于50%LEL时,气粉混合体系较难被点燃,当酒精蒸气浓度高于75%LEL时,混合体系较易被点燃。     

混杂纤维混凝土高温性能研究

根据近年来对纤维混凝土高温性能的试验研究,分析了纤维对混凝土高温性能的影响,探讨了纤维混凝土在高温下的力学性能及合理的纤维掺量,以期为今后混杂纤维混凝土的高温性能研究及其应用起到指导作用。     

两种能源草田间条件下对镉和锌的吸收累积

大生物量能源草对镉污染土壤的修复潜力如何还未知.本研究采用两种能源草杂交狼尾草（Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum）和紫色象草（P.purpureum ‘Purple’）以及马蔺（Iris lactea var.chinensis）和镉的超累积植物遏蓝菜（Noccaea caerulescens）为对照,在镉污染农田上开展田间试验.结果表明,杂交狼尾草的地上部生物量最大,分别是遏蓝菜和马蔺的126和36倍,与紫色象草地上部生物量无显著差异.遏蓝菜地上部和根部中镉和锌的含量显著高于其他植物.马蔺地上部和根部的锌含量最小,而镉含量显著大于紫色象草和杂交狼尾草（P<0.05）.虽然地上部和根部的镉含量显著小于马蔺和超累积植物遏蓝菜,紫色象草地上部中镉和锌的累积量最大,镉累积量分别是马蔺和遏蓝菜的7.0和4.1倍,锌累积量分别是马蔺和遏蓝菜的41和11倍（P<0.05）.杂交狼尾草地上部镉和锌的累积量略低于紫色象草.遏蓝菜的地上部中镉和锌的富集系数均大于1,其体内镉和锌的转移系数均大于1,可用于提取修复镉锌复合污染土壤;马蔺根部镉富集系数大于1,其体内镉的转移系数小于1,可用于稳定修复镉污染土壤;紫色象草根部锌富集系数大于1,其体内锌的转移系数小于1,可用于稳定修复锌污染土壤.田间条件下,由于大的生物量,紫色象草和杂交狼尾草表现出较强的土壤镉和锌的提取去除潜力,且可产生经济效益,应用前景较好.     

复合式膜生物反应器处理城市污水及回用的特性研究

在以复合式膜生物反应器系统为基础,以模拟城市污水为处理对象。通过运行条件优化研究,系统获得了良好的出水水质,出水中SS、浊度及色度均未检出;出水中有机污染物和N、P的平均浓度分别为COD≤16.32 mg/L、BOD5≤3.45mg/L、NH3-N≤0.75 mg/L、TN≤10.13 mg/L、TP≤1.08 mg/L,其相应的平均去除率分别为≥95.58%、≥98.91%、≥97.19%、≥71.71%、≥71.31%,各项水质指标的去除率明显高于传统生物处理工艺。优良的出水完全能满足城市生活杂用对水质的要求。     

HITNP同步除磷脱氮新工艺

HITNP同步除磷脱氮新工艺采用复合式活性污泥生物膜系统,避免了硝化菌和聚磷菌的污泥龄矛盾.利用反硝化除磷的“一碳两用”缓解原水碳源不足的矛盾.通过独特的硝化液回流方式,使全部污泥经历了释磷和聚磷循环,厌氧池污泥浓度是缺氧池污泥浓度的1.5～2倍,对进水中的大分子有机物降解效果好,厌氧池COD的去除率高,强化系统的除磷能力.以低碳氮比的生活污水为处理对象,长期的运行结果表明,该工艺出水中的总磷、氨氮、总氮和COD的去除率分别为91.1% 、88.7%、58.1%和88.6%.出水水质平均值为磷0.27 　mg/L,氨氮1.74 　mg/L,总氮17.30 　mg/L和COD 24.38 　mg/L.HITNP同步除磷脱氮新工艺具有稳定的同步除磷脱氮效果,出水达到国家城市污水厂污染物排放标准GB18918-2002一级B标准要求.     

Membrane flux dynamics in the submerged ultrafiltration hybrid treatment process during particle and natural organic matter removal

Exponential relationship was developed to quantify the normalized membrane flux dynamics during the filtration period and fitted the results well.