水力负荷对生物沉淀池污染物净化性能的影响特性

本研究将生物转盘和平流式沉淀池设计理念相结合,开发出对水中致浊物质、有机组分、氨氮和总磷具有同步去除性能的一体式生物净化-沉淀池,考察了进水水力负荷对其污染物净化性能的影响规律.结果表明,在特定转盘转速和水质条件下,浊度、有机组分和氨氮的平均去除率随水力负荷的增大均呈先相对稳定后下降趋势,浊度和有机组分与氨氮平均去除率分别在0.036 g·(m~2·d)~(-1)与0.064 g·(m~2·d)~(-1)时达到最大.与浊度、有机组分和氨氮不同,水力负荷对总磷的去除效果影响较大,进水水力负荷在0.064 m~3·(m~2·d)~(-1)时,总磷平均去除率最差,适当减小或增大水力负荷,均有助于除磷过程的进行.进一步研究发现,硝化和除磷过程对水相中的有限碳源及溶解氧存在竞争关系.沿水流方向,盘片表面的微生物具有良好的种群配合和沿程分布特点,保证了在不利水力负荷条件下,工艺仍具有一定的去污效果,在微污染水体的强化净化处理中具有一定的应用前景.     

水力冲孔技术在大倾角薄煤层中的应用

针对矿井现有防突措施的不足,介绍了水力冲孔技术的设备、工艺流程及现场试验情况.研究表明,在大倾角薄煤层应用水力冲孔技术,可有效地消除激发突出的应力,大幅度地释放煤体中的瓦斯,能明显提高瓦斯的抽采效果,很好地起到了综合防突的作用,且石门揭煤周期缩短为2个月.     

Effects of operational factors on soluble microbial products in a carrier anaerobic baffled reactor treating dilute wastewater

The effects of feed strength,hydraulic residence time(HRT),and operational temperatures on soluble microbial product(SMP) production were investigated,to gain insights into the production mechanism.A carrier anaerobic batfled reactor (CABR) treating dilute wastewater was operated under a wide range of operational conditions,namely,feed strengths of 300-600 mg/L,HRTs of 9-18 h,and temperatures of 10-28℃.Generally, SMP production increased with increasing feed strength and decreasing temperature.At high temperature (28℃),SMP production increased with decreasing HRT. As the temperature Was decreased to 18 and 10℃.the SMP production was at its peak for 12 h HRT Therefore,temperature could be an important determinant of SMP production along with HRT. A higher SMP to soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) ratio Was found at high temperature and long HRT because of complete volatile fatty acid degradation.SMP accounted for 50%-75% of the SCOD in the last chamber of the CABR.As a secondary metabolite.some SMP could be consumed at lower feed strength.     

Hydraulic model for multi-sources reclaimed water pipe network based on EPANET and its applications in Beijing, China

Water shortage is one of the major water related problems for many cities in the world. The planning for utilization of reclaimed water has been or would be drafted in these cities. For using the reclaimed water soundly, Beijing planned to build a large scale reclaimed water pipe networks with multi-sources. In order to support the plan, the integrated hydraulic model of planning pipe network was developed based on EPANET supported by geographic information system (GIS). The complicated pipe network was divided into four weak conjunction subzones according to the distribution of reclaimed water plants and the elevation. It could provide a better solution for the problem of overhigh pressure in several regions of the network. Through the scenarios analysis in different subzones, some of the initial diameter of pipes in the network was adjusted. At last the pipe network planning scheme of reclaimed water was proposed. The proposed planning scheme could reach the balances between reclaimed water requirements and reclaimed water supplies, and provided a scientific basis for the reclaimed water utilization in Beijing. Now the scheme had been adopted by Beijing municipal government.     

水力坡度对溪流钙华沉积的影响

在有钙华沉积的云南白水台景区引水渠道中,通过水准测量以及导线测量的方法,获得了引水渠道各研究点的相对高程和距离。利用流速仪测定了各研究点的水流流速,通过计算获得了各研究点的总水头和水力坡度。利用水化学记录仪,在短时间内测定了各研究点的电导率、水温与pH值,结合现场滴定以及室内水样分析的结果,计算出各点的方解石饱和指数和二氧化碳分压。发现在方解石饱和指数大于0.8的研究渠段,电导率、Ca2+和HCO3-浓度沿水流方向降低,经成因分析与数学推导,得出Ca2+浓度与总水头呈线性关系,水力坡度与渠段上的钙华沉积量也呈线性关系,这是岩溶作用动力学扩散边界层控制理论的具体体现,也即水力坡度越大,流速越快,扩散边界层越薄,碳酸钙沉积速率越大。     

水力压裂诱发断层活化失稳概率分析

为评估非常规油气开采过程水力压裂诱发断层活化失稳风险,基于新库仑稳定函数,通过编程求解诱震概率,分析不同诱因下断层稳定性和失稳风险。结果表明:孔隙弹性剪应力、孔隙压力和差异压实共同作用,是断层活化失稳重要诱因。当孔隙弹性剪应力介于6~10 MPa时,断层失稳概率高达68.9%,其增幅率越大,诱发远区断层失稳风险越高。孔隙压力增量超过3 MPa,对于定向不良断层极为不利;断层倾角和落差越大,差异压实作用越显著。     

Soil hydraulic response to land-use change associated with the recent soybean expansion at the Amazon agricultural frontier

Clearing for large-scale soy production and the displacement of cattle-breeding by soybeans are major features of land-use change in the lowland Amazon that can alter hydrologic properties of soils and the runoff generation over large areas. We measured infiltrability and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) under natural forest, pasture, and soybeans on Oxisols in a region of rapid soybean expansion in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The forest-pasture conversion reduced infiltrability from 1258 to 100 mm/h and Ksat at all depths. The pasture-soy conversion increased infiltrability from 100 to 469 mm/h (attributed to shallow disking), did not affect Ksat at 12.5 cm, but decreased Ksat at 30 cm from 122 to 80 mm/h, suggesting that soybean cultivation enhances subsoil compaction. Permeability decreased markedly with depth under forest, did not change under pasture, and averaged out at one fourth the forest value under soybeans with a similar pattern of anisotropy. Comparisons of permeability with rainfall intensities indicated that land-use change did not alter the predominantly vertical water movement within the soil. We conclude that this landscape is well buffered against land-use changes regarding near-surface hydrology, even though short-lived ponding and perched water tables may occur locally during high-intensity rainfall on pastures and under soybeans.     

油气田压裂返排液治理技术研究现状

概述了压裂的目的、压裂液以及压裂返排液的来源和和水质特征。综述了近十年来絮凝沉降法、生物及生化法、高级氧化技术和Fe/C微电解组合工艺的水处理作用原理及其在压裂返排液治理中的应用进展。分析并指出了压裂返排液处理技术中存在的问题和今后的主要发展方向。     

多介质潜流人工湿地的水动力过程模拟

水动力过程是湿地净化功能发挥的重要机制之一.根据脉冲示踪试验,获得潜流人工湿地的水力停留时间分布曲线.针对其"多峰"现象,利用数学软件MATLAB7.0分别将对数正态分布、对流扩散模型以及考虑延迟的连续完全混合反应器模型时脉冲示踪试验数据进行叠加模拟,同时利用多流弥散模型拟合分析,结果表明:叠加模型和多流弥散模型均能较...     

中试规模ABR反应器提高印染废水的可生化性

采用厌氧折流式反应器（ABR）处理印染废水.结果表明,在其他条件不做人为改变的前提下,保证PH为9左右,温度处于25℃时,水力停留时间（HRT）会明显影响出水的BOD5/CODcr（以下简写为B/C）.在HRT为10h,8.5h,12h,14h,16h,15h出水B/C均值为0.23,0.21,0.25,0.28,0.27,0.30.在HRT为15h,出水的BOD5/CODcr值明显提高,实现了可生化性的有效改善.从运行管理的经济性和提高出水的可生化性考虑,处理印染废水的HRT选择15 h为佳.