中试清水池水力条件对氯消毒效率的影响

以枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢为目标微生物,以紫外线消毒后的炭滤池出水为进水,在中试清水池模型中模拟氯消毒过程,通过改变清水池导流板数目获得不同的水力条件,研究清水池水力条件对氯消毒效率的影响.结果表明,在本试验中,不同水力条件下以Ct10值计算的NaClO对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢的灭活系数之间相互一致,而不同水力条件下以CT值计算的NaClO对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢的灭活系数之间相差很大,表明Ct10是评价清水池消毒效率的合理指标;在Ct10=(100~300)mg.min/L的范围内,NaClO对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢的灭活系数为0.0016 L/(mg.min),与其他研究者的结果具有很好的一致性;清水池水力条件的改善可以提高消毒效率,在CT=(100~700)mg.min/L的范围内,当CT值固定时,随着清水池内导流板数增多,水力条件得到改善,t10增加,目标菌种的灭活率显著提高.     

水蚯蚓-微生物共生系统脱氮除磷最佳运行工况数值模拟研究

以前置厌氧池的氧化沟工艺为研究对象,根据氧化沟溶解氧分布情况,将氧化沟简化为1个缺氧段以及3个好氧段,并在第1好氧段中悬挂生物填料接种水蚯蚓,建立"水蚯蚓-微生物共生系统",通过溶解氧、混合液回流比、污泥回流比的控制保持该系统的微生态平衡.从水蚯蚓动力学角度改进提出T-FCASM新模型,建立并校验"水蚯蚓-微生物共生系统"生物场-水力场耦合模型(T-FCASM-Hydro),根据单因素试验和多因素正交试验分别模拟不同水平溶解氧、混合液回流比、污泥回流比对氧化沟中"水蚯蚓-微生物共生系统"脱氮除磷效果的影响.正交试验的方差分析结果显示,当好氧段1溶解氧为6.5mg.L-1、混合液回流比为100%、污泥回流比为100%时氧化沟可保持最佳脱氮除磷效果.     

Feasibility and simulation model of a pilot scale membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment and reuse from Chinese traditional medicine

The lack and pollution of water resource make wastewater reuse necessary. The pilot scale long-term tests for submerged membrane bioreactor were conducted to treat the effluents of anaerobic or aerobic treatment process for the high-strength Chinese traditional medicine wastewater. This article was focused on the feasibility of the wastewater treatment and reuse at shorter hydraulic retention time （HRT） of 5.0, 3.2 and 2.13 h. MLSS growth, membrane flux, vacuum values and chemical cleaning periods were also investigated. The experimental results of treating two-phase anaerobic treatment effluent demonstrated that the CODfilt was less than 100 mg/L when the influent COD was between 500-10000 mg/L at HRT of 5.0 h, which could satisfy the normal discharged standard in China. The experimental results to treat cross flow aerobic reactor effluent demonstrated that the average value of CODfilt was 17.28 mg/L when the average value of influent COD was 192.84 mg/L at HRT of 2.13 h during 106 d, which could completely meet the normal standard for water reuse. The maximum MLSS and MLVSS reached 24000 and 14500 mg/L at HRT of 3.2 h respectively. Membrane flux had maximal resume degrees of 94.7% at vacuum value of 0.02 MPa after cleaning. Chemical cleaning periods of membrane module were 150 d. A simulation model of operational parameters was also established based on the theory of back propagation neural network and linear regression of traditional mathematical model. The simulation model showed that the optimum operational parameters were suggested as follows： HRT was 5.0 h, SRT was 100 d, the range of COD loading rate was between 10.664-20.451 kg/（m3.d）, the range of MLSS was between 7543-13694 mg/L.     

不同人工湿地系统处理生活污水的比较研究

以华南1号杂交狼尾草、海芋、春砂仁、文殊兰、美人蕉、沿阶草、鸢尾和红草为湿地植物,以煤渣、麻石、陶粒为填料构成几种人工湿地系统,对生活污水进行处理研究。结果表明:当进水COD浓度小于345mg/L时,各系统出水COD浓度均小于60 mg/L(停留时间为6 h),达到GB 18918-2002的一级B标准;当进水TP浓度在4.44~8.17 mg/L之间,NH4+-N浓度在41.3 mg/L以下,TN浓度在66.1 mg/L以下时,各系统出水TP、氨氮、总氮浓度分别小于1,25,20 mg/L(停留时间为12h),均达到GB18918-2002的二级B标准。     

Hydraulic characteristics of an anaerobic baffled reactor as onsite wastewater treatment system

The feasibility of using anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR)as onsite wastewater treatment system was discussed.The ABR consisted of one sedimentation chamber and three up-flow chambers in series was experimented under different peak flow factors(PFF of 1 to 6),superficial gas velocities(between 0.6 and 3.1 cm/hr)and hydraulic retention times(HRT)(24,36 and 48 hr).Residence time distribution(RTD)analyses were carried out to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of the ABR.It was found that the PFF resulted in hydraulic dead space.The dead space did not exceed 13% at PFF of 1,2 and 4 while there was 2-fold increase(26%)at PFF of 6.Superficial gas velocities did not result in more(biological)dead space.The mixing pattern of ABR tended to be a completelymixed reactor when PFF increased.Superficial gas velocities did not affect mixing pattern.The effects of PFF on mixing pattern could be minimized by higher HRT(48 hr).The tank-in-series(TIS)model(N=4)was suitable to describe the hydraulic behaviour of the studied system.The HRT of 48 hr was able to maintain the mixing pattern under different flow patterns,introducing satisfactory hydraulic efficiency.Chemical oxygen demand(COD)and total suspended solids(TSS)removals under all flow patterns were achieved more than 85% and 90%,respectively.The standard deviation of effluent COD and TSS concentration did not exceed 15 mg/L.     

燃煤火电厂闭路除灰系统结垢及其防治的研究现状

对燃煤火电厂闭路除灰系统结垢及其防治的研究现状进行了叙述和分析，对该领域的研究和发展动向提出了自己的见解     

液压振动台时域建模与仿真

基于Matlab/Simulink建立了液压振动台系统时域仿真模型,模型包括信号给定、油泵、溢流阀、蓄能器、伺服阀、控制器、液压缸、位移测量等模块。针对大流量动圈伺服阀,按物理规律和常见因素建模,特别考虑了瞬间油液回流情况。仿真算例结果表明,仿真获得的振动位移、速度、加速度响应波形及其他相关波形与实际振动台波形有良好的相似性。建模时考虑了尽可能多的因素,仿真获得了真实的波形特征,可为振动台系统设计提供较好参考。     

后曝气池HRT对改进型A_2N工艺脱氮除磷性能的影响

对A2N连续流工艺进行改进,在后曝气池中填加生物膜填料,以生活污水为处理对象,考察了后曝气池水力停留时间(HRT)对后曝气池内同步硝化反硝化(SND)以及对改进后的A2N工艺除磷脱氮性能的影响.后曝气池HRT为1.3h时,总磷(TP)平均去除率为90%,总氮(TN)平均去除率为75%,但平均出水氨氮浓度较高(为8.6 mg.L-1),后曝气池内基本未发现SND现象.后曝气池HRT为2.3h时,TN平均去除率达到80%,TP平均去除率高达95%,出水平均氨氮浓度较低(2.2 mg.L-1),后曝气池内同步硝化反硝化去除的TN量为2.42 mg.L-1.后曝气池HRT为4h、6h时,工艺TP平均去除率逐渐下降至60%,由于可利用的COD值较低,同步硝化反硝化去除的TN并未随HRT延长而有明显增长,TN去除率也逐渐降至接近60%.试验证明在后曝气池内填加生物膜并合理调控HRT,可强化工艺的脱氮除磷效果.     

红枫水库和普定水库碳、磷、硅生源要素时空分布特征

选取了营养盐浓度和水体滞留时间存在明显差异的普定水库和红枫水库作为研究对象,通过对两个水库碳、磷、硅生源要素时空变化的分析,揭示了河流筑坝水库营养盐时空分布的主要影响因素。分析结果显示：普定水库表层水体溶解性无机碳(DIC)、总磷(TP)、溶解性总磷(DTP)和溶解性硅(DSi)大体上均表现出冬季较高、夏季较低的变化趋势;而在垂向分布上,除冬季外,其他三个季节均表现出表层水体较低、底层水体较高的趋势。红枫水库DIC变化趋势与普定水库类似。而红枫水库TP和DTP大致表现为冬夏季偏低、春秋季偏高;由于浓度较低,各个季节垂向变化趋势均不明显。夏季红枫水库底部水体DSi显著高于表层水体,而其他三个季节DSi在垂向剖面上波动较小。两水库表层水体DIC与叶绿素a(Chla)呈负相关,且夏季普定水库和红枫水库表层水体DIC稳定碳同位素(δ¹³C_DIC)显著高于底层,而DIC则表层水体显著低于底层水体。综合分析结果表明,浮游植物光合作用是影响普定水库和红枫水库碳、磷、硅生源要素时空分布的最主要因素。营养盐水平较高、水体滞留时间较短的普定水库,其Chla低于营...     

ABR处理滞头废水试验研究

以去除蛋白后的滞头废水为基质对厌氧折流板(ABR)反应器处理效果进行研究,分析了ABR反应器的工艺特征和运行稳定性,同时对反应器各格室颗粒污泥特性进行分析.结果表明:ABR反应器在(35±1)℃,HRT为32 h,进水COD浓度由500 mg/L逐步提高到5 000 mg/L,运行稳定后,COD去除率保持在90％以上;...