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排序方式: 共有619条查询结果,搜索用时 609 毫秒
321.
322.
This study measured runoff and sediment concentration from the tire track and from the non-tire track to determine infiltration, interrill erodibility, and vegetative cover impacts of reopening an abandoned forest road. Runoff was lowest on the non-track portion of the abandoned road and highest on the reopened road. Sediment concentrations were significantly higher on the reopened road. Increased sediment concentrations were attributed to decreased vegetative cover, rather than traffic-induced changes in the physical soil properties of the reopened road. Thirty years of no traffic and vegetation regrowth was not sufficient to allow recovery of infiltration to values similar to an undisturbed forest. The study also found a significant dynamic behavior in interrill erodibility with respect to antecedent rainfall. Forest road erosion models that fail to account for this change will overestimate sediment yields. 相似文献
323.
地面注浆控制井壁破裂变形的理论与实践 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
阐述地面注浆控制井壁破裂变形的机理,并就具体工程进行分析。根据对井壁混凝土应变、地表变形、注浆帷幕测试结果,注浆前、第一阶段注浆、第二阶段注浆、注浆后的4个阶段内,井壁竖向附加应变分别经历了增加100με、缓释200με、再缓释200με、最终缓释200με的变化过程。与此同时,工业广场地表经历了抬升(对应与第一阶段注浆)、稳定(对应于间歇期)、再抬升(对应于第二阶段注浆)和稍降(对应于注浆后)的过程,地面最终抬升约稳定在70~80mm之间。利用高频应力波检测注浆体,笔者认为注浆帷幕交圈闭合较好,平均厚度近7.6m。研究表明,地面注浆加固能有效地改善井壁的受力状态,对井壁既有应变有显著缓释作用,对矿井疏排水造成的井壁附加应变的增长有明显抑制作用,从而起到维护井筒安全的作用。 相似文献
324.
在传统OCO工艺基础上设计了一体化OCO工艺,在厌氧区放置填料,将二沉池和生物反应器合建,并就水力停留时间(HRT)对生物反应器脱氮除碳的影响进行研究。在进水COD为260~360 mg/L,好氧区DO为2 mg/L左右,缺氧区<0.5 mg/L,MLSS为4 500 mg/L左右时,分别研究了不同HRT下的脱氮除碳效果。研究结果表明:随着HRT的逐渐增大,出水COD值无明显波动,COD去除率达到90%以上,出水氨氮随着HRT的增大而降低;但仅当HRT为12 h左右时,氨氮和总氮均有良好的去除效果,去除率分别可达到93%和80%。 相似文献
325.
Factors affecting nitrate distribution in shallow groundwater under a beef farm in South Eastern Ireland 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
O. Fenton K.G. Richards L. Kirwan M.I. Khalil M.G. Healy 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(10):3135-3146
Groundwater contamination was characterised using a methodology which combines shallow groundwater geochemistry data from 17 piezometers over a 2 yr period in a statistical framework and hydrogeological techniques. Nitrate–N (NO3-N) contaminant mass flux was calculated across three control planes (rows of piezometers) in six isolated plots. Results showed natural attenuation occurs on site although the method does not directly differentiate between dilution and denitrification. It was further investigated whether NO3-N concentration in shallow groundwater (<5 m below ground level) generated from an agricultural point source on a 4.2 ha site on a beef farm in SE Ireland could be predicted from saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) measurements, ground elevation (m Above Ordnance Datum), elevation of groundwater sampling (screen opening interval) (m AOD) and distance from a dirty water point pollution source. Tobit regression, using a background concentration threshold of 2.6 mg NO3-N L−1 showed, when assessed individually in a step wise procedure, Ksat was significantly related to groundwater NO3-N concentration. Distance of the point dirty water pollution source becomes significant when included with Ksat in the model. The model relationships show areas with higher Ksat values have less time for denitrification to occur, whereas lower Ksat values allow denitrification to occur. Areas with higher permeability transport greater NO3-N fluxes to ground and surface waters. When the distribution of Cl− was examined by the model, Ksat and ground elevation had the most explanatory power but Ksat was not significant pointing to dilution having an effect. Areas with low NO3 concentration and unaffected Cl− concentration points to denitrification, low NO3 concentration and low Cl− chloride concentration points to dilution and combining these findings allows areas of denitrification and dilution to be inferred. The effect of denitrification is further supported as mean groundwater NO3-N was significantly (P < 0.05) related to groundwater N2/Ar ratio, redox potential (Eh), dissolved O2 and N2 and was close to being significant with N2O (P = 0.08). Calculating contaminant mass flux across more than one control plane is a useful tool to monitor natural attenuation. This tool allows the identification of hot spot areas where intervention other than natural attenuation may be needed to protect receptors. 相似文献
326.
Christiane I. Mulvihill Barry P. Baldigo 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2012,48(3):449-463
Mulvihill, Christiane I. and Barry P. Baldigo, 2012. Optimizing Bankfull Discharge and Hydraulic Geometry Relations for Streams in New York State. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(3): 449-463. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00623.x Abstract: This study analyzes how various data stratification schemes can be used to optimize the accuracy and utility of regional hydraulic geometry (HG) models of bankfull discharge, width, depth, and cross-sectional area for streams in New York. Topographic surveys and discharge records from 281 cross sections at 82 gaging stations with drainage areas of 0.52-396 square miles were used to create log-log regressions of region-based relations between bankfull HG metrics and drainage area. The success with which regional models distinguished unique bankfull discharge and HG patterns was assessed by comparing each regional model to those for all other regions and a pooled statewide model. Gages were also stratified (grouped) by mean annual runoff (MAR), Rosgen stream type, and water-surface slope to test if these models were better predictors of HG to drainage area relations. Bankfull discharge models for Regions 4 and 7 were outside the 95% confidence interval bands of the statewide model, and bankfull width, depth, and cross-sectional area models for Region 3 differed significantly (p < 0.05) from those of other regions. This study found that statewide relations between drainage area and HG were strongest when data were stratified by hydrologic region, but that co-variable models could yield more accurate HG estimates in some local regional curve applications. 相似文献
327.
通过研究天津市空港经济区塘湿地组合处理系统对区内污水处理厂MBR出水(再生水)的净化过程,探讨再生水总磷(TP)及活性磷(SRP)的净化效果。研究表明:MBR出水SRP含量较高,SRP/TP高达84%。在3个水力负荷100、150及200 m3/d下,系统对磷均保持良好的处理效果,TP浓度由1.64 mg/L降至0.36 mg/L,SRP浓度由1.30 mg/L降至0.28 mg/L。同时,系统SRP/TP由进水的84%降至出水的54.5%,SRP去除效果显著。再生水中SRP含量较高的问题通过塘湿地组合处理系统得到了良好的解决,从而有效降低再生水回用景观水体所带来的藻华风险。 相似文献
328.
为降低分流制雨水中悬浮颗粒物及其他污染物浓度,减轻城市景观河道的水体富营养化程度,对取自泵站的雨水进行混凝沉淀工艺优化实验。以PAC为混凝剂,采用Zeta电位仪、激光粒度仪和iPDA在线监测技术对混凝过程进行监测,考察了混凝剂投加量和水力搅拌速度对絮体形成和分流制雨水处理效果的影响,结果表明,混凝剂投加量和混合水力搅拌速度直接影响絮体Zeta电位和聚沉特性;混合搅拌速度控制混凝反应速率,絮凝速度梯度影响絮体形成粒径。FI曲线特征参数对控制混凝工艺具有指导意义。PAC投加量为35 mg/L,混合阶段搅拌速度800 r/min,搅拌30 s,絮凝阶段采用150、108和60 r/min的转速各自搅拌5 min,沉后水中剩余颗粒总数最少,浊度、COD和总磷去除效果最佳。 相似文献
329.
330.
水力停留时间对MBR中溶解性微生物产物生成的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
考察水力停留时间(HRT)对MBR中膜污染的主要污染物——溶解性微生物产物(SMP)生成的影响。结果表明,在装置稳定运行期间,MBR中SMP随运行时间出现累积。与HRT为8 h相比,HRT为12 h时,SMP在MBR中平均累积量要少10.1%,SMP中多糖含量平均高7 mg/L左右,而蛋白质含量平均低45.6%。SMP的平均粒径随装置运行呈下降趋势,并且HRT较短有利于粒径较小的SMP生成,从而堵塞膜孔;HRT较长有利于粒径较大的SMP生成,从而形成凝胶层,两种情况导致膜污染的机制不同。 相似文献