2015年2月天津市大气颗粒物数浓度变化及其与气象条件的关系

2015年2月16—28日,采用APS-3321空气动力学粒径谱仪在天津市环境监测中心站连续监测0.5~10 μm间不同粒径大气颗粒物数浓度,并同步记录气象参数,研究了大气颗粒物的数浓度变化和粒径分布特征,运用Spearman统计分析方法初步探讨了气象因素对大气颗粒物数浓度的影响。结果表明,该地区大气颗粒物5 min平均数浓度为285 个·cm-3,其中0.5~1.0 μm粒径颗粒物对总粒子数浓度贡献较大,约占96.7%。观测期间共出现颗粒物数浓度显著增高的9个污染事件,不同粒径中污染事件颗粒物数浓度最大值的主导气象因素不同：对于0.5~1.0 μm,其与相对湿度呈明显的正相关性;对于1.0~2.5 μm,其与气象因素无明显相关性;对于2.5~10 μm,其与相对湿度呈明显负相关性、与风速呈明显正相关性。颗粒物数浓度受气象条件影响较大,其中相对湿度影响最为显著,当相对湿度小于70%时,颗粒物数浓度随着湿度的增加而增加;当相对湿度大于70%时,颗粒物数浓度随着湿度的增加而减少。此外,烟花爆竹燃放对颗粒物数浓度短暂上升贡献突出,主要集中在0.5~1.0 μm粒径的亚微米颗粒物。     

Tolerance of Birch Stands of the Northern Transural Forest Steppe to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Factors

It is shown that both diffuse and complete drying of birch stands is due to the additive effects of meteorological factors (hydrothermal parameters of the first and second halves of the growing period) and tree defoliation by phyllophagous insects, with the former being of primary importance.     

Plasma lipid profiles and risk of cardiovascular disease on occupational exposure in Karimnagar

Occupational exposure is unregulated in developing countries like India, and becoming the most common cause of disease of environmental origin. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of occupational exposure on plasma lipid profiles, and risk of cardiovascular diseases. A total of 79 human volunteers were included in the study. Control subjects were healthy housewives of Karimnagar, India. Occupationally exposed individuals included different occupational workers like petrol station attendants, battery chargers, drivers, welders, pesticide-exposed workers, painters, and auto mechanics. These subjects were shown to be chronic occupationally-exposed for at least three years, and neither associated with any other chronic pathological conditions like hypertension or diabetes, nor under any medication other than analgesics during the month preceding the study. Subjects with excessive high or low caloric intake were excluded from the study. Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), VLDL cholesterol, LDL/HDL cholesterol, and TC/HDL ratio in these subjects were significantly higher than those in control subjects, whereas HDL cholesterol was not markedly affected. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), and other anthropometric parameters (body mass index (BMI), body fat index (BFI), body surface area (BSA)) were not significantly different between groups. Data suggest that chronic occupational exposure increases plasma lipid levels and is thereby associated with cardiovascular complications.     

Respirometric Monitoring for the Determination of Effective Height and Reaction Rate Constant in Up-Flow Autotrophic Denitrification Reactor Packed with Sulfur

A novel technology for the removal of nitrogen from wastewater, autotrophic denitrification process with sulfur particle, has been developed. A respirometer was employed for the monitoring of nitrogen gas produced in the reactor. It was found that the autotrophic denitrification studied by gas production rate and nitrate depletion rate followed a first order reaction from the relationship. The reaction rate constant based on effective volume, k_N was ranged from 2.67 to 3.07 h^–1. The effective height was around 23.8 and 50% of the total height for 11.8 and 5.9 h of packed bed contact time, respectively. It was assumed that the reaction rate constants were similar in each experimental condition, PBCT = 11.9 and 5.9 h because there was little gradient of biomass concentration within 50% of the total height. The respirometry was found to be a simple and fast way to monitor the denitrification process. The method was especially useful for the determination of kinetic parameters.     

MapInfo在合肥遥测台网地震速报中的初步应用

MapInfo是目前流行的地理信息系统 (GIS)应用软件之一 ,由于其强大的地图功能 ,在地震监测预报中得到了越来越广泛的应用。安徽省地震局合肥遥测台网不久前完成了台网自己的速报软件的开发研制工作 ,其中运用了MapInfo部分图形操作功能。本文介绍MapInfo技术在台肥遥测台网地震速报中的一些具体应用     

Old endemics and new invaders: alternative strategies of passerines for living in the Australian environment

Life history parameters of ”old endemics” and ”new invaders” among the Australian passerines were compared, controlling for phylogeny by using current, phylogenetic research methods. Old endemics were found to have significantly smaller clutches and demonstrated significantly more cooperative breeding than the new invaders, whose fledging periods are significantly longer than those of the old endemics. We argue that breeding under conditions of a small annual food increment during the breeding season, as is probably the situtation in Australia, is possible only when clutch size is small, or while breeding cooperatively, or by extending the fledging period. Our data show that the old endemics use the first two options, while the new invaders employ the third. Received: 10 February 1999 / Received in revised form: 10 November 1999 / Accepted: 20 November 1999     

脑力疲劳与非疲劳状态眼动指标的判别

为研究利用眼动指标(注视点个数FC、平均注视时间AFD、平均眼跳幅度ASA、最大瞳孔面积Pupil Max及反应时RD)对脑力疲劳状态进行判定,通过眼动追踪技术,测试了不同脑力疲劳程度的眼动指标值并进行分析。结果表明:1)通过FC、AFD、ASA和Pupil Max四个眼动指标可以判定被试者所处的疲劳状态; 2)当测试者注视点个数FC处于(11,13)区间,平均注视时间AFD处于(328,409)区间,平均眼跳幅度ASA处于(5,7)区间,最大瞳孔面积Pupil Max处于(992,1 124)区间时为非疲劳状态;当FC处于(7,10)区间,AFD处于(263,319)区间,ASA处于(2,4)区间,最大瞳孔面积Pupil Max处于(584,935)时可以认定被试者为疲劳状态。     

聚丙烯环管反应器参数安全性分析

采用参数敏感性分析方法对聚丙烯装置环管反应器反应温度、转化率对初温的安全敏感性进行了研究。结果表明,反应初温在72~74℃的范围属于反应器的温度敏感区域,超过74℃则进入温度极敏感区域,可引起反应器堵塞、出料泵过载,严重时可造成非正常停车、甚至超压爆炸事故。     

激冷水合改性镁渣脱硫剂性能实验

为了达到以废治废的目的,对镁冶炼产生的废弃物-镁还原渣通过激冷水合方式制备脱硫剂进行研究。采用XRD获得不同激冷条件下样品的物质组成,通过SEM研究炽热镁渣激冷样品的表观形貌。通过实验室激冷水合实验研究不同水合参数对水合反应以及脱硫性能的影响。对比现场炽热镁渣激冷水合与实验室激冷水合活化方式下水合样品的脱硫性能。结果表明：镁渣激冷后的主要成分为β-C2S,且表面变得粗糙多孔;脱硫钙转化率与水合反应程度间存在抛物线关系;当激冷温度为950℃,水合温度为50℃,实验室炽热镁渣激冷水合反应所制备的脱硫剂在水合时间为6 h时,钙转化率最高,为14.1%,而水合时间为8 h时,水合反应程度最大,为0.16 g·g-1;与实验室炽热镁渣激冷水合样品和自然冷却水合样品相比,现场炽热镁渣激冷水合样品的钙转化率最高,达30.33%。     

城市污水中部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺NOB抑制策略的研究进展

城市污水具有低温低氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)的特点,不利于亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB) 的长期稳定抑制,而NOB的过度增殖会导致出水硝氮 (NO₃⁻-N) 指标升高,对其他功能微生物产生竞争性抑制作用,进而降低部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化 (PN/A) 系统的脱氮性能和稳定性。以氨氧化菌 (AOB) 、NOB、厌氧氨氧化菌 (AnAOB) 等功能微生物动力学参数、生长特性为基础,探讨了主流条件下的城市污水处理系统中优势功能微生物的变迁。综述了当前普遍采用的低溶氧 (DO) 限制、好氧-缺氧交替、生物强化、投加抑制剂、泥龄 (SRT) 筛选、低亚氮等NOB抑制策略,并总结了单一抑制策略无法长期、稳定抑制NOB活性,需进一步考察多重策略的联合作用。继而,从性能和工艺复杂程度,对目前普遍采用的实现多重策略联合调控的反应系统进行了探讨。提出采用活性污泥模型 (ASM) 与实验相结合的方法,为助力主流PN/A工艺运行调控提供了新思路,并指出深化基础理论的研究,开发新型的组合工艺强化NOB的抑制及脱氮性能稳定也是可行的发展方向。