OPTIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF THE CRUDE PALM OIL INDUSTRY IN THAILAND THROUGH ENHANCEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS

The crude palm oil industry plays an important role in the economic development of Thailand and in enhancing the economic welfare of the population. Despite obvious benefits of this industrial development, it also significantly contributes to environmental degradation, both at the input and the output sides of its activities. On the input side, crude palm oil mills use large quantities of water and energy in the production process. On the output side, manufacturing processes generate large quantities of wastewater, solid waste/by-products and air pollution. Current industrial wastes and recoverable materials are empty fruit bunches, fibers, shells and ash. It is estimated that in 2003, a total of 2.1 million ton of solid wastes/by-products and 2.5 million m³ of wastewater were generated. The concept of the industrial ecosystem points at the potential of industrial waste recycling resembling food chains, food webs and nutrient cycles of nature. Following the notion of industrial ecology crude palm oil mills can develop a number of waste recycling and reuse systems. This paper analyzes the nature of these industrial ecosystems, divided in in-plant ecosystems (clean technology options) and external waste exchange between crude palm oil industries and other economic activities in Thailand.     

GREENING FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES IN VIETNAM: OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS

The food processing sector in Vietnam plays a vital role in its economic development, but its rapid growth seems to go hand-in-hand with environmental deterioration. Several decades of applying the conventional end-of-pipe approach made clear that it only deals with treating the symptoms. It is necessary to combine technological (end-of-pipe) solutions to overcome urgent pollution problems with ways to prevent wastes from being generated or to reuse their valuable material. This article presents a methodology for analyzing the possibilities for waste prevention in food processing industry in Vietnam.     

关于小城镇产业发展问题的思考

小城镇建设与产业发展关系密切。研究小城镇必须研究小城镇的产业发展问题。本文分析了我国小城镇产业发展的现状，指出了小城镇产业发展存在的问题，并提出了小城镇产业发展的原则和对策。     

Accounting for Cadmium: Tracking Emissions of Cadmium From the Global Economy

This paper examines the flow of cadmium through the global economy, with the aim of quantifying emissions of cadmium into the environment as a result of anthropogenic activities. First, a materials balance methodology is presented as the most appropriate means of assessing cadmium emissions from a wide range of anthropogenic sources. This is then applied to the best available data, from a variety of sources, to arrive at estimated flows of cadmium. Results are presented for 10 geo-political world regions and for a range of economic activities including non-ferrous metals production, iron and steel production, combustion of fossil fuels, fertilizer manufacture and use, cement production and the manufacture, use and disposal of cadmium containing products. Initially, this analysis partitions the total flow of cadmium into three major categories: atmospheric emissions, water-borne effluents and solid or bulked waste arisings. the paper then suggests a probable further partition of the initial emissions into different environmental media.     

我国工业部门环境污染排放变化的驱动因素——基于“十二五”工业排放数据的实证研究

基于LMDI模型将我国“十二五”时期工业污染排放变化分解为规模、结构、强度3种驱动因素，结果显示：规模效应是该时期大部分工业污染物排放下降的首要驱动，表现为：全国范围内加快淘汰落后、过剩产能，抑制了工业规模的无序扩张，进而对工业污染物排放形成向下的“拉力”.结构效应虽不如规模效应显著，但两者相差不大，表明产业结构调整对污染物减排起到积极作用.相比而言，强度效应不显著.本研究的启示是：“十三五”时期的减排政策应继续向有利于发挥规模效应的方向倾斜；考虑到规模效应的边际减排成本不断增长，还应建立长效机制以推动产业结构优化和减排技术创新.     

石油化工废水剩余活性污泥的过滤方程

本文测定了石油化工厂废水剩余活性污泥在不同压力条件下的比阻和压缩系统,建立了过滤方程。     

唐山市协调工业发展与环境保护的创新途径

唐山市作为一个传统的重工业城市 ,多年来一直以资源型工业为主体 ,工业发展和环境保护的矛盾十分突出。本文以此为例 ,探讨了依赖于资源优势的工业发展过程应如何协调其发展与环境保护的关系 ,认为产业结构的调整是一个长期的动态过程 ,应作为一个持久努力的目标。目前应尽快通过技术转型和制度转型减少目前工业活动对环境造成的影响 ,促使工业发展向生态工业转变。     

典型工业区地下水细菌群落多样性特征与环境因子响应初探

为探究上海市典型工业区地下水细菌群落组成结构和多样性,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,结合地下水三氮、重金属和有机物等指标分析,探讨典型行业地下水细菌群落与环境因子的关联性及响应机制.结果表明,石油化工业地下水的氨氮(NH⁺₄-N)显著高于纺织业、金属制品业和其他行业(P<0.05),分别高出64.49%、 32.46%和113.91%;有机物主要检出指标为总石油烃(TPH)和挥发酚,石油化工业的地下水挥发酚浓度显著高于纺织业、金属制品业和其他行业(P<0.05);金属制品业砷(As)浓度显著高于石油化工业和其他行业(P<0.05),分别高出49.26%和50.59%;氯化物(Cl^-)、锰(Mn)和硫酸盐(SO₄^2-)等在不同行业中都存在显著性差异(P<0.05).纺织业地下水细菌群落Shannon指数最高,达到3.14,金属制品业地下水Shannon指数和Ace指数最低,分别为2.42和960.46.工业区地下水细菌中优势菌门为变形菌门...     

产业转型对中国资源型城市增长与收缩演变轨迹的影响机制

中国正进入高质量发展阶段,资源型城市的增长与收缩面临着内外部条件的系统性重构,资源型城市在转型发展过程中如何摆脱“矿竭城衰”的历史宿命,实现城市人口的正增长,目前尚缺乏经验证据。本文采用2010—2020年116个资源型城市的截面与面板数据,定量刻画了资源型城市增长与收缩的演变轨迹,并实证考察了产业结构转型对人口增减变化的相关影响机制。研究发现：中国六成以上的资源型城市在研究期内表现为收缩状态,呈现出“一带两片”的空间分布格局;产业结构合理化和高级化在短期内均对资源型城市的人口增长表现为挤出效应,长期来看,产业结构合理化的影响转为正向,产业结构高级化的补偿效应暂未显现;产业结构多样化在短期内可促进资源型城市人口的增长,但长期来看并不显著。基于此,资源型城市的转型发展需要以提高产业结构合理化水平为重要突破口,以产业结构高级化为长期主线,基于地方比较优势实施产业延伸与产业更新并行战略,构建多元化的产业体系,不同类型、不同发展阶段资源型城市的产业结构转型应强调战略差异化。     

焦化厂建构筑物和生产设施表面PAHs的赋存特征及健康风险

本研究以某典型焦化厂建构筑物及生产设施为对象,从不同功能区、不同材质等角度分析建构筑物及生产设施表面多环芳烃(PAHs)的赋存特征,并评价其健康风险.结果表明,焦化厂建构筑物及生产设施表面的PAHs含量范围为8. 00×10~(-2)～1. 98×102μg·dm~(-2).其中,22. 0%的擦拭样品PAHs含量超出了世界贸易中心工作组(WTCTG)的规定限值(1. 45μg·dm~(-2)),PAHs最大超标可达135倍.PAHs含量高值主要分布在炼焦区和精制区,其中,炼焦区样品PAHs含量均值最高,达12. 1μg·dm~(-2).研究区中防锈漆材质表面PAHs含量均值和超标率最高,砖和水泥次之,玻璃对PAHs的吸附和富集能力最小.采用美国超级基金方法对各功能区开展健康风险评估研究,其中,炼焦区及精制区内PAHs存在致癌风险,其致癌单体对暴露人群的总致癌风险值可达3. 78×10~(-6)～1. 32×10~(-5),均高于US EPA标准下限10~(-6).场地建构筑物及生产设施表面的有机污染物分布规律及健康风险结果可为污染场地环境管理和治理对策提供科学依据.