Application of Multiattribute Decision-Making Methods for the Determination of Relative Significance Factor of Impact Categories

A relative significance factor (f _i ) of an impact category is the external weight of the impact category. The objective of this study is to propose a systematic and easy-to-use method for the determination of f _i . Multiattribute decision-making (MADM) methods including the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), the rank-order centroid method, and the fuzzy method were evaluated for this purpose. The results and practical aspects of using the three methods are compared. Each method shows the same trend, with minor differences in the value of f _i . Thus, all three methods can be applied to the determination of f _i . The rank order centroid method reduces the number of pairwise comparisons by placing the alternatives in order, although it has inherent weakness over the fuzzy method in expressing the degree of vagueness associated with assigning weights to criteria and alternatives. The rank order centroid method is considered a practical method for the determination of f _i because it is easier and simpler to use compared to the AHP and the fuzzy method.     

Distractions and the risk of car crash injury: the effect of drivers' age

PROBLEM: Motor-vehicle accidents are one of the major causes of injury in most motorized countries. Driver distractions have been suggested as a contributor to traffic accidents. Moreover, age of the driver seems to have a role in the relationship between distractions and car crashes. But very few studies have investigated the effect of driver's age on this relationship. This exploratory study investigated the association between distractions, both inside and outside the vehicle, and the increased risk of car crash injury among drivers across different ages. METHOD: This study used a case series design to analyze data routinely collected by the NSW police in Australia. A special focus of this study was on how drivers' age affects the risk of car crash injury, which was determined by using a well-documented risk estimation methodology. RESULTS: The results obtained indicated that drivers of all ages, on the whole, are more susceptible to distractions inside the vehicle than distractions coming from outside. Age was shown to affect the relationship between in-vehicle distraction and the risk of car crash injury. A separate analysis was also conducted on hand-held phone usage while driving with results supplementing previous findings reported in the literature. IMPACT TO INDUSTRY: Safety strategies to countermeasure in-vehicle distractions have been suggested and discussed.     

Toxicity and uptake of mercurials in a cyanobacterium

Nostoc calcicola cells exposed to mercuric chloride (0.05–0.25 M), methyl mercuric chloride (0.05–0.15 M) and the fungicide ceresan (phenyl mercuric acetate; 0.05–0.20 M) showed sensitivity in the sequence: methyl mercury3) over phenyl mercuric acetate (0.51×10³); inorganic mercury occupied the intermediate position with a bioconcentration factor of 1.32×10³. The data infer that larger molecules of organomercurials may not be taken up by cells at the rate and extent comparable to the smaller species.     

环境信息不对称对于循环经济的影响及其对策——兼谈环境信息服务业的发展与完善

指出循环经济背景下我国环境信息分布中的致命问题--环境信息的不对称分布,并指出不对称的表现,而后分析了环境信息对称对于循环经济的影响,在此基础上提出解决环境信息不对称的对策--发展环境信息服务业,并初步探讨了发展环境信息服务业的模式和步骤.     

一维粘性泥石流运动的格子Boltzmann模拟

利用格子Boltzmann方法,对一维粘性泥石流的运动进行了定量化研究和数值模拟,为进一步研究泥石流的运动机制奠定了基础。在模拟一维粘性泥石流运动时,采用了含外力项的格子Boltzmann模型,通过对外力因子、平衡态分布函数的构造,使得宏观统计特性刻画了泥石流运动的非线性特征,成功模拟了泥石流的运动过程,获得了泥石流水深、流速两大要素的时空变化规律,为研究泥石流运动过程提供了一种新手段。     

可拓法评估煤矿瓦斯爆炸易发性

为了量化煤矿瓦斯爆炸的可能性,并为防治瓦斯爆炸提供量化指标,借鉴可拓学原理,对煤矿瓦斯爆炸易发性进行预评估。首先,详细阐述可拓学评估原理;接着,为了验证煤矿瓦斯爆炸易发性可拓评估的可行性,结合某一煤矿实例,比选煤矿瓦斯爆炸易发性的评价指标,并确定煤矿瓦斯爆炸易发性的分类标准,构建煤矿瓦斯爆炸易发性评估的经典域、节域和物元;然后,为了避免确定指标权重的人为主观因素的影响,提出用简单关联函数确定指标权重;最后,计算煤矿瓦斯爆炸易发性的关联函数值和关联度,确定瓦斯爆炸易发性的等级及其变量特征值。经计算,煤矿爆炸易发性的可拓评估结果为"很小"等级。同时,为了验证可拓评估结果的合理性,将其与模糊评估进行比较,两者所得评估结果相一致。从而表明:将可拓学应用于煤矿瓦斯爆炸易发性评估是合理可行的。     

基于优势隐含周期分析的气象灾害预报

建立了优势因子和优势隐含周期的概念,并提出了多因子逐步回归周期分析的新方法。该方法既能增长预报期,又能充分利用物理因子的重要信息,同时在计算过程中还能挑选出起显著作用的优势因子和优势隐含周期,对预报气象要素的变化趋势效果较好,有一定的实用价值,是气象灾害预报的一条比较有效的途径。     

山东潍坊紫外线辐射特征及影响因素

近10多年来,随着人类居住环境的恶化,紫外线给人类造成了巨大的伤害。利用潍坊市气象台2004~2006年逐日紫外线观测资料,分析了太阳紫外线辐射到达地面的强度指数和等级,同时分析了这些量的年、月、日变化特征,研究了影响紫外线辐射的主要的几种因子。影响紫外线辐射强度的主要因素是臭氧、地表反射率、大气气溶胶和云,这些影响因素的变化对太阳紫外线到达地面的辐射起着举足轻重的作用。     

工艺过程危险有害因素辨识的研究

鉴于化工企业工艺过程的特殊性,笔者建议其危险、有害因素的辨识可以在直观经验分析法和系统安全分析法的基础上,结合危险和可操作性研究(HAZOP)的思想来进行辨识。笔者尝试性地给出了相关术语的说明、介绍辨识方法和操作程序,并分别从生产过程(包括化学反应、化工操作单元和物料输送)和工艺设备、装置角度,对其中的所包含的具体内容进行剖析,最后以电解过程举例说明,该方法可用于化工企业进行危险性因素辨识。