A Dynamic Crediting Regime for Joint Implementation to Foster Innovation in the Long Term

Joint Implementation is a theoretically efficient instrument of climate policy at least in the short run. This need not apply for the long run. Joint Implementation can reduce innovation in the industrialized countries because of reduced incentives for emission reduction. To realize short run efficiency gains and to avoid long run efficiency losses, we need a ‘strategic’ climate policy. This policy should start with full crediting of Joint Implementation allowing short-run efficiency gains which can foster technology transfer and thus lead to ‘leapfrogging’ by developing countries. Over time, the crediting ratio should be gradually reduced while domestic carbon taxes are raised. Experiences from the second oil shock have shown that energy-saving innovation is positively correlated to energy prices. Both, the reduced crediting and the raising domestic carbon tax, will therefore lead to long-run innovation.     

LOM技术的比较优势及其应用前景

首先介绍了自然环境对装备的影响，提出了装备环境适应能力的问题，回顾了伊拉克战争中美军遇到的装备环境适应性问题并对美军采取的应对措施作了全面的介绍，最后对如何提高我军装备环境适应能力作了阐述。     

环境政策对环境技术创新的影响

环境政策对技术创新具有正负两个方面的影响。本文详细分析了不同类型环境政策的技术效应 ,并阐述了环境政策的未来发展方向及其对技术创新的影响     

绿色创新及其激励机制

环境问题的最终解决需要绿色创新。绿色创新表现为一切关注环境－经济－社会协调发展，并使之得以实现的创新性活动。绿色创新的大量涌现需要从产权、市场、企业内部及政府政策等方面给予激励。     

高职院校创新问题探讨

创新应包括相对创新和绝对创新两个层次。科技创新包括知识创新和技术创新两个层次与环节,高职院校应侧重于技术创新。技术创新需要不同层次的技术人才去实现。故高职院校技术应用型人才的培养也应有相应的层次,在此认识的基础上,从我校特殊性出发,就我院创新问题进行了初步探讨。     

关于大学生创新理论与实践的探讨

本文着重从心理学和系统论的角度阐述了大学生创新的现状、创新的条件、创新的心理动机及我们的对策,并对大学生创新评价提出了个人观点。同时对创新提出了新的解释,并对创新行为与相关因子的关系进行了深入的研究,推导出有价值的数学公式:M=VC××RP。在研究了大学生创新现状后,指出了当前大学生创新状况不佳的根本原因,并提出了大学生创新具有的十个条件。     

关于委托社会检测机构试行情况的调查与研究

环境监测服务社会化是环保体制机制改革创新的重要内容,余杭区通过严把检测机构准入关,严审监测方案可行性,严查监测过程规范性,严格检测机构监督考核等多项政策,对社会检测机构进行监督规范,从而为政府决策提供参考、为监督考核提供依据、为社会检测机构提供技术指导,满足了社会对检测的现实需求.为了进一步完善建设项目竣验委托社会检测机构政策,建议建立诚信制度,切实提高建设项目竣验委托社会检测机构政策的公正性;完善监管机制,保证建设项目竣验委托社会检测机构政策有效实施;加强人员培训,逐步完善建设项目竣验委托社会检测机构政策;规范收费制度,保证建设项目竣验委托社会检测机构政策稳定实施.     

Looking beyond incentives: the role of champions in the social acceptance of residential solar energy in regional Australian communities

Research into renewable energy adoption is increasingly identifying that the successful implementation of renewable energy projects is influenced by a combination of market, community and socio-political acceptance of renewable energy technology. This research uses case studies in two regional Australian communities to examine the social acceptance of residential solar energy, in particular under the influence of financial incentives and social interactions. Fifty-five semi-structured interviews with members of the local community, industry and government were undertaken between May and October 2015. Respondents were asked about their perceptions and knowledge of solar energy and incentives to support its adoption, and their interactions with actors important in the diffusion process. Responses indicated that financial incentives motivated solar adoption; however, social interactions in the communities also contributed to decision-making. In one case study, a local “solar champion” built a private solar farm to demonstrate the technical feasibility of solar, assisted community members with physically installing their own systems and helped community members to maximise the financial benefits of their solar installations. This solar champion contributed to this community having an earlier and more rapid rate of small-scale solar adoption compared with the second case study community. The second case study community included two individuals interested in promoting solar energy; however, they were less integrated with the community’s process of adopting solar, resulting in community members experiencing substandard installations and consequent distrust of the solar industry. This research concludes that local context influences solar adoption through complex interactions among market, community and socio-political acceptance.     

企业生态创新的维度构成与量表开发研究

生态创新是促进经济绿色增长、应对气候变化的重要手段与核心工具,但目前关于生态创新的测量量表相对缺乏。通过对国内外生态创新的文献的系统梳理,结合开放式问卷调查和内容分析,本研究初步构建了由16项条款构成的初始测量量表。运用探索性和验证性因子分析,确定了由11项条款构成的生态创新测量量表,包含生态管理创新、生态工艺创新和生态产品创新三维度。本研究识别了生态创新的内部构成与确定了其测量量表,为深入研究生态创新的前置因素、生态创新与企业绩效之间的关系奠定了良好的基础,同时也为评价与比较不同企业的生态创新水平提供了支撑。     

Governance innovations for climate change adaptation in urban Denmark

Urban areas worldwide are challenged by climate change and urban flooding. Within the academic literature, adaptive measures that can be integrated into other issues such as recreation, nature reserves, and social issues are considered the way forward. Adaptation has recently become a mandatory planning theme for Danish municipalities, which in the absence of established practices are struggling to find the best institutional set-up to address adaptation as an integrated issue. Based on a case study of an integrated project organised as a partnership, this article identifies and discusses governance challenges that must be addressed if municipalities are to benefit from synergies through integrated projects. The municipality in question has established a partnership with housing organisations, foundations, and a utility company as well as facilitated a dialogue with citizens and institutions to address flooding threats and social issues at the neighbourhood scale. Because of strong political and leadership support, funding from partners, and good project facilitation both partners and politicians are enthusiastic about the project and its potential. Several challenges, however, needed to be addressed, particularly in relation to clashing norms from different governance paradigms. This is an issue requiring more attention both in research and practice.