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421.
长江经济带城市创新能力差异的时空格局演变 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以长江经济带130个城市作为空间观测单元,以专利申请量作为衡量各城市创新能力的指标,对长江经济带各城市2000~2014年创新能力的空间分布及演化进行分析。研究表明:(1)从时空总体演变来看,长江经济带城市创新能力表现出非常显著的区域差异,且呈现出由渐进式集聚向缓慢扩散的发展趋势。(2)从空间聚类分布来看,长江经济带创新能力较高的城市主要分布在东部的长三角地区和中西部的省会城市地区。(3)从空间分布演变来看,长江经济带城市创新能力表现出显著的空间自相关,空间分布集聚态势增强,但在地理空间的差异上呈现出缩小的趋势,且不同集聚区在不同空间范围上都表现出一定的扩展与收缩态势。(4)城市的经济发展水平、创新主体、创新投入及创新基础设施的差异性,对长江经济带城市创新能力呈现出不均衡的空间分布产生重要影响。 相似文献
422.
This paper provides new econometric evidence on the determinants of eco-innovations by using multiple innovation indicators and by combining survey-based information and patent records at the firm level from two different time periods. We hypothesize that firms with a propensity to patent focus on future technological and market opportunities and do not directly or immediately react to incentives created by environmental policies. Based on negative binomial models, we confirm that eco-patents are stimulated by the expectation of creating technological advancement and new market opportunities. By contrast, energy cost savings can better or more easily be achieved when firms refrain from patenting and concentrate on non-patented innovations or adoption. Favorable framework conditions created by environmental policies and patent protection are also important for eco-patenting, but more in the longer term. Testing the validity of using self-reported eco-innovations, instead of patents, as the dependent variable in simple binomial probit models reveals that product eco-innovations as reported in the surveys are a relatively good proxy for eco-patents. Yet, for product eco-innovations, serving and enlarging current markets is another important reason to innovate. 相似文献
423.
Rachel Freeman Chris McMahon Patrick Godfrey 《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2017,10(4-5):260-271
AbstractRe-distributed manufacturing (RDM), broadly described as manufacturing done at a smaller-scale and locally, could be beneficial to business and urban society through creating jobs, reducing the environmental impacts of production, and improving resilience to future disturbances. Consideration of RDM within a city-region requires the consideration of a wide range of issues – societal, technical, economic and environmental. This paper presents the results of a study into the potential for RDM to contribute to a sustainable, resilient city in the face of a range of expected future disturbances on the city and on manufacturing sectors. The study took an integrated assessment approach which incorporated the development of a conceptual framework; a ‘strawman’ causal loop diagram which was reviewed by participants in a workshop; and a stock and flow system dynamics model that represents our understanding about the structure and behaviour of urban manufacturing. Several key themes emerged: similarities between RDM and traditional manufacturing, availability of physical space for RDM to be done, achieving urban resilience through RDM by enabling responsiveness to disturbances, changes in environmental impacts from production, additions or losses in jobs, the competitiveness of local manufacturing, and skills and innovation for RDM technologies. Further work is recommended. 相似文献
424.
425.
农村宅基地制度创新与理论解释——江苏省江都市的实证研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
朱新华 《中国人口.资源与环境》2012,(3):19-25
本研究采用定量研究方法,建立农村宅基地制度创新模型,研究数据来源于江都市3县30个村的实地调查,主要是分析农村宅基地制度的创新过程和诱导因素,为国家引导和制定合理的宅基地制度提供理论依据。研究结果表明,20世纪90年代以来,以江都市为代表的农村宅基地制度逐渐从无偿、无流动向有偿、有流动演变,宅基地产权权能日益完善。影响农村宅基地制度创新的主要因素是农村土地资源短缺程度、土地开发利用状况、区位条件、各主体经济状况(主要是农民人均纯收入的增加)、人力资本以及政策等因素。鉴于此,在未来的宅基地制度创新过程中要注重研究宅基地要素相对价格变化趋势,选择宅基地制度创新方向;提高农民文化水平,加快人力资本建设,提高其可行能力;以及积极发挥政策的诱导和支持作用。 相似文献
426.
Deep structural and sustained change is necessary to tackle contemporary environmental challenges. How such change emerges and can be governed has been explored through the notion of sustainable innovation journeys. To date research had conceptualised such journeys as transitions to more sustainable socio-technical systems, e.g. mobility, shelter, food and farming. However, there is a paucity of how innovation proceeds in firms as part of sustainable innovation journeys. This paper begins to address this gap in knowledge. A longitudinal case study was completed of a medium-sized food-processing firm in the UK. Qualitative data were collected using ethnographic methods such as participant observation. Drawing on practice theory, a conceptual framework was developed which enabled us to explore and make sense of the firm's sustainable innovation journey conceptualised as practices. Findings show that we can usefully treat a firm as a flow of practices that either resist or otherwise accommodate new practices deemed more sustainable. 相似文献
427.
科技创新和低碳环保成为当今时代的主题,如何有效推动区域生态创新对于我国生态文明建设具有重要意义。本文基于低碳环保创新视角构建科技创新与生态环境复合系统协同度模型,在此基础上,选用2005-2013年中国三大城市群的面板数据对中国区域生态创新协同度进行测评,并运用计量经济模型从政府、市场、区域三个层面对生态创新协同度影响因素进行实证分析。协同度测度结果表明三大城市群生态创新协同度在[-0.05,0.3]之间震荡,协同度水平较低,区域科技创新与生态环境协同机制尚未建立。协同度增长速度存在空间差异,长三角增长速度最快,珠三角次之,京津冀增长最慢,原因在于河北省的生态创新协同度较低,京津冀区域存在内部发展不平衡问题。由于宏观经济环境和政府政策的影响,三大城市群协同度变化在时间上具有一致趋势。协同度影响因素分析表明政府环境规制、科技创新支持以及市场竞争程度对区域生态创新协同具有积极的推动作用,这说明政府增加环境规制强度和科技创新支持力度可以有效促进区域生态创新协同,市场竞争程度的提高也有利于提高区域生态创新协同水平。基于上述实证分析,本文认为政府应积极推动创新驱动战略和区域协同发展战略,加强环境规制和科技创新支持力度,建立生态创新产业链,鼓励绿色创新产业的发展,以科技创新拉动生态效益的改善,同时规范市场竞争秩序,完善技术交易市场,为绿色创新技术成果转化消除障碍,促进城市群形成生态创新协同机制并对全国各省市形成良好示范效应。 相似文献
428.
实施长江经济带战略对推动我国经济发展具有重要的意义,而长江经济带创新能力的提升成为其发展的关键。基于标准差指数、变差系数、区位基尼系数和集中度指数的定量研究方法,研究长江经济带在城市群级、省级和市级多尺度上的区域创新差异及原因。研究表明:各尺度区域创新差异均呈现出持续增长趋势,并且区域创新差异随着区域尺度的增加而增加。影响长江经济带创新差异的各个区域尺度的主要原因各不相同,影响城市群创新差异的主要原因是社会环境因素,影响省域创新差异的主要原因是经济环境因素,影响城市创新差异的主要原因是对外开放因素。创新集聚随着区域尺度的增大而减小。长江中游和成渝城市群正处于创新活动向中心城市集聚阶段,而长江三角洲城市群进入创新活动的扩散阶段,并且长江三角洲城市群将形成巨大的创新集聚系统。 相似文献
429.
Liangwen Luo 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2016,14(4):262-270
This paper first constructed a system to evaluate the innovation efficiency of industrial companies within Mainland China. Then, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to these indicators for dimensionality reduction, so as to figure out the technology innovation efficiency in these two phases, respectively. Finally, the overall efficiency of industrial companies in different regions was estimated and factorized via data envelopment analysis (DEA). The results showed that: (1) the efficiency of green technology innovation of industrial companies in China was relatively low as a whole, which mainly resulted from pure technical efficiency (PTE). Further, this huge gap continues to expand in these regions. And both PTE and scale efficiency (SE) in central and western regions leave much to be expected. (2) In the first phase of green technology development, when environmental factors were concerned, the efficiency was much lower than that without environmental considerations. Besides, the central and western regions were facing increasingly severe environmental problems, and there was a wide disparity in technology development efficiency among eastern, central, and western regions. (3) In the second phase of green technology commercialization, there were still more rooms for improvement in raising the efficiency of green technology innovation, and the efficiency in eastern, central, and western regions was ranked from highest to lowest. (4) Liaoning, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, and Qinghai should focus on improving their technology; Jilin, Jiangxi, Anhui, and Guangxi should make their efforts to reduce resource redundancy; whereas Ningxia and Gansu should try to solve the above two issues. 相似文献
430.
知识网络是由创造、转移、吸收和应用知识的行为主体在知识的传播与交流过程中彼此联结而形成的网络结构。以国际ISI和国内VIP数据库中2000~2009年发表于生物技术领域的合著论文作者信息统计数据为数据源,基于社会网络分析的理论和方法,从国际和国内省级层面运用UCINET和Pajek软件分析知识网络的空间极化和扩散规律。总体上看网络仍处于量的扩张期,网络的稳健性正在逐步提高,网络结构开始向成熟型转变。国际层面上看,知识网络的空间极化现象明显。国内层面上看,知识网络由等级结构向扁平结构转变,空间上相应地经历了由一极向多核再向多中心发展的过程。依据知识网络空间分布特征,将知识交流区域分为知识集聚区、知识门户区、知识途径区及知识边缘区四大类型,并对我国的技术创新政策提出对策建议 相似文献