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151.
    
ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the selection and use of criteria for an institutional analysis of municipal water supply conducted in anchorage, Alaska. Although not universally acepted or used. evaluation criteria for most technical fields have been established either formally or informally. Cost-benefit rtios, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impacts are examples of technical evaluation criteria that can be quantified relatively easily (although poorly in some cases). The field of institutional analysis has evaluative criteria that are much less readily defined than those of technical fields, in part because many of the criteria are not quantifiable and in part because the area of the study is new.  相似文献   
152.
本文是对华东、华南和西南若干开展环境保护制度改革试点工作的省份进行调研后的报告。总体上,各地环境保护相关制度改革工作各有特色,都有当地比较突出的某项制度改革,但没有一个地方把所有制度改革都推进得很好很快。进展有快有慢,力度有大有小,成效有喜有忧。各地对环境保护部相关重点改革方案总体支持、部分存疑,在实施上有所创新,期待指导。总体建议:一是考虑在试点省份开展综合性环保制度改革;二是抓住\"牛鼻子\"制度加快改革;三是为环保制度改革争取更多的外部条件支持;四是为地方政府提供更多的改革空间;五是国家层面进一步推进相关制度顶层设计工作;六是中央和地方在推进制度改革试点中有所侧重;七是改革要充分吸纳公众意见;八是改革要注意提升基层能力。  相似文献   
153.
We investigate the potential of mapping institutional work in communities as a method for both analyzing and formulating local development strategy. Twelve Canadian case communities experiencing dramatic ups and downs (‘boom and bust towns’) serve as the empirical base. Analytically, we find that institutional work for strategy takes on very diverse forms, some of them not described in the literature, and further identify a special class of institutional work associated with leadership. Normatively, we demonstrate that mapping institutional work can be a structured process of self-reflection underpinning strategy. For the Canadian case study, we find that lack of local autonomy is often a stumbling block for strategy. More broadly, we conclude that mapping institutional work for strategy works best when governance evolutions are grasped as context, and when strategy itself is understood in its complex, multifaceted nature: a narrative, a way of linking institutions, and an institution in itself.  相似文献   
154.
    
Remote island communities in the Caribbean are known to be disproportionately vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. As a result, there is a need to better understand the factors that contribute to increasing local-scale adaptive capacity through large-scale adaptation projects. While it has been argued that strong institutional networks are highly influential in a community’s ability to leverage funds and to implement tailored adaptation projects, limited empirical research has been undertaken. Social Network Analysis was used to retrospectively evaluate the importance of institutional integration for enhancing adaptive capacity in the small island community of Paget Farm in St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Paget Farm successfully adapted to a lack of fresh water through the implementation of a funded solar-powered desalination plant – and as a result the community represents an ideal case study for analysis. Results reveal that while the level of vertical integration varied throughout the temporal phases of the adaptation project, horizontal integration was consistently low. These findings suggest that high integration between institutions may not be required during all project phases in order to ensure success and that more consistent rather than high levels of integration between sectors may be more meaningful for enhancing adaptive capacity.  相似文献   
155.
通过对影响我国经济—人口协调的主要因素进行分析,找出在人口系统福利与经济系统福利方面的冲突环节和发展障碍,从市场体制、人口管理体制、财税体制、领导干部政绩评价制度等方面寻找成因,提出切实可行的对策建议,为我国主体功能区经济—人口协调发展提供参考。  相似文献   
156.
论环境保护的制度激励   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文分析了环境保护制度供给不足的原因,提出相应的制度激励措施。  相似文献   
157.
在环境治理的问题上,20世纪人类社会所表现出来的是一种对契约、技术与制度的崇尚,反映了近代以来社会治理中的价值中立与道德祛魅精神。然而,随着环境危机事件的频发,特别是在环境以及生态问题构成了风险社会的一个重要维度的情况下,依靠契约、制度、技术的环境治理方案陷入低效甚至失灵的境地。人类命运共同体理念的提出,开拓了环境治理的新思路,让我们看到构建人与人、人与自然生命共同体的环境合作治理模式建立的希望。环境合作治理是一种可以将所有力量整合到合作行动体系中的治理模式,能够有效应对日趋恶化的环境问题,并将人类的生存与发展建立在环境友好的基础上。只有当环境治理采用了合作模式,才能在环境的维度上增强人类命运共同体的现实性。  相似文献   
158.
    
We examine factors associated with the US S&P 500 firms' decisions to disclose information about the current and projected effects of climate change to institutional investors. Through the Carbon Disclosure Project, 315 institutional investors representing 41 trillion USD in assets asked the largest public firms to respond to a questionnaire about climate change. We explore whether firms' disclosures directed specifically to institutional investors are related to factors that have been found to explain voluntary disclosures to investors in general. In particular, we consider factors related to the level of scrutiny, since extant literature predicts that the cost of not disclosing increases with level of scrutiny. We find that size, previous disclosures and foreign sales are related to whether firms disclose information about climate change requested by institutional investors through the Carbon Disclosure Project. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.  相似文献   
159.
我国的公众参与制度在应对邻避冲突的过程中不断修补完善,而现有研究对于公众参与制度有效性的探讨,多从制度本身出发,缺乏对于行为改善的考量。本文从新制度主义政治学理论出发,基于“制度—行为”互动关系,提出了制度有效性的概念模型,并将其应用于公众参与邻避冲突化解的制度有效性分析。从我国公众参与的“制度—行为”互动关系,公众参与制度程序有效与实质有效的关系,公众参与的单项制度有效、制度协同作用与制度体系有效这三个方面,对我国公众参与制度的有效性进行了阐述。  相似文献   
160.
    
This study investigates the corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) practices of multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in the Libyan oil industry, particularly amidst significant political transformations within the host-country (HSC). By examining these insights, we aim to shed light on how these corporations navigate and address CSRD considerations in a dynamic and politically evolving environment. To analyse these aspects, we employ various econometric models, including two-stage least squares (2SLS) and propensity score matching (PSM). Our examination covers a dataset of 6000 data points representing 35 multinational oil corporations headquartered in 18 different home countries (HMCs) across five continents, spanning the years from 2008 to 2015. Our findings indicated that the level of institutional quality convergence between MNCs' HMCs and HSC significantly determines the extent of HSC-related CSRD by MNCs. Additionally, the study emphasised that MNCs' internationalisation and business horizon within the HSC are critical factors influencing their CSRD in that country. The findings furthermore suggested that MNCs with a higher CSRD might exert an influence on the political decisions of their HMCs' governments concerning the political crisis in the HSC.  相似文献   
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