环渤海海洋产业绿色GDP核算

绿色GDP核算是反映经济-环境系统交互作用,继而进行综合计量的重要工具.以可持续发展为主题,借鉴联合国环境经济核算方法,以环渤海地区为研究区,选取数据可得性最好的2013年为核算期开展GGOP(海洋产业绿色GDP)核算研究,并以辽宁、河北、天津和山东4个省级行政区为研究单元进行拆分.结果表明:2013年环渤海地区GOP(海洋产业生产总值)约为1.97×1012元,GGOP约为1.84×1012元,占GOP的93.44%,资源耗减、生态系统破坏、环境损失和环境活动分别扣减了GOP的2.54%、0.16%、1.70%和2.15%.环渤海地区2013年的渔业没有造成资源耗减,而对海洋油气资源的开采造成的资源耗减损失约为5.02×1010元.通过围填海造成的生态系统破坏损失约为3.11×109元.环渤海地区海洋产业污染物产生的虚拟成本约为3.36×1010元.国家和省级海洋部门对渤海的环境管理活动支出约为4.42×109元;环渤海地区海洋环境和资源利用投入研究经费约3.81×1010元.环渤海各省市中,辽宁省扣减比例为5.30%,其中环境损失占扣减总值的44.77%;河北省与辽宁省相近,扣减比例为5.04%;天津市扣减比例最大,为13.09%,其中资源耗减占扣减总值的69.74%;山东省扣减比例为4.34%,其中环境管理活动支出占扣减总值的50.82%.研究结果扩展了绿色GDP核算方法的适用范围,探索了绿色核算在海洋经济中的核算方法和核算技术,有助于环渤海各省市海洋经济发展调控政策的制订.      

基于陆海统筹的陆海经济关系及国土空间利用：现状、问题及发展方向

陆海统筹作为我国重大国家战略,既要在国家层面实现海陆要素的优化配置,更要在区域层面引导海陆产业的空间布局,从而推动区域协调发展。当前基于陆海统筹的陆海经济和国土空间利用研究还处于探索阶段,缺乏系统的理论研究与大量的实践应用。从陆海统筹相关概念及理论、陆海社会经济关系、海岸带空间利用冲突及规划管控三方面,探讨了不同学科学者在陆海统筹背景下的陆海经济关系、国土空间利用研究进展及存在问题,并提出未来研究应强化陆海统筹背景下的陆海资源环境与陆海社会经济发展间的多尺度耦合与带动效应研究,明晰区域陆海统筹水平及演化特征、影响因素及响应机制,重视海岸带空间利用冲突诊断与调控,持续推进基于陆海统筹的海岸带国土空间规划实践。     

乡村空间重构与土地利用转型耦合机制及路径分析

科学揭示乡村空间重构与土地利用转型的耦合发展关系,有利于为中国乡村振兴和城乡融合发展提供理论基础和实践依据。运用文献综述、理论分析阐释二者的耦合机理及驱动因子。主要结论如下：（1）重构乡村空间是对新一轮乡村转型发展要求的积极回应,土地作为乡村地域的关键发展要素,通过其利用形态的多维转化适应不同的空间重构场景。（2）乡村空间重构是土地利用转型的重要驱力,也为土地利用转型提供不竭的现实需求,土地利用的成功转型是乡村空间重构结果的显著表征,二者交互影响,存在耦合互动关系。（3）空间规划、政策制度、产业结构、利益主体及生态理念的多轮驱动机制共同对其耦合关系施加影响,不同作用机制下的作用效力、方向有所不同。（4）新时代下促进乡村空间重构与土地利用转型耦合发展的一个重要思路是全方位探寻土地利用优化转型的多维路径,总体上应立足生态文明的价值位序,以空间规划为约束机制,以产业结构升级为诱发机制,以多方利益协调为保障机制,同时创新土地政策制度机制,从而提高耦合水平,助力乡村振兴战略实施。     

人才流动的空间特征、驱动因素及其对长三角一体化高质量发展的启示——基于高校毕业生的分析

2018年长三角一体化发展上升为国家战略,旨在以一体化的思路和举措打破行政壁垒,实现资金、人才、技术等要素资源的畅通流动。人才作为知识经济时代创新和发展的主要动力,其合理分布和有序流动对于推动长三角一体化和实现高质量发展具有重要意义。聚焦高校毕业生这一重要区域人才资源,基于毕业生就业质量报告数据,刻画长三角高校毕业生流动的空间格局,使用地理探测器探索城市创新等因素对毕业生流动的影响。研究结果表明：（1）长三角高校毕业生流动基本遵循随距离衰减和等级跃迁规律,区域内就业占比高达79.72%。江苏、浙江、安徽呈现出差异化的省内流动空间形态。（2）位于“Z”型发达地带和沿海的城市毕业生粘滞率较高,上海和与其紧邻的苏州、嘉兴、南通形成“高—高”区。（3）因子探测结果显示,创新因素对毕业生流动的驱动力较强,但按省域来看,驱动作用在江苏最强,浙江次之,而在安徽并不显著。风险探测显示,创新因素的驱动存在阈值效应。研究揭示了高校毕业生的流动格局及与城市创新的关系,为推动区域人才一体化政策的制定提供了理论和实证依据。     

Monitoring the growth of American beech affected by beech bark disease in Maine using the Kalman filter

The effect of beech bark disease on tree growth was tracked using paired resistant and susceptible American beech trees in two locations in Maine. Within each site, the paired trees were chosen in close proximity and with similar morphological characteristics (e.g. stem diameter and crown class) to minimize environment effects in subsequent analysis. A Kalman filter approach was employed to analyse the yearly time-dependent mean differences between paired susceptible and resistant tree-ring widths using simple structural time series models in state space form. On one site, under the influence of a moderate maritime climate, stand dynamics is hypothesized to account for the 34 year difference in onset of decline of trees in codominant, versus those in the intermediate crown classes. The harsher winter conditions associated with the second, more northerly site and known to limit the insect component of the disease complex, are hypothesized to be more of a factor in the close (six year) difference in decline onset between the two crown classes on this site. Some strengths and cautions in the Kalman filter approach are discussed in relation to the analysis of time-dependent trends in tree-ring series.     

自然充氧小型一体化污水处理装置运行性能研究

研发了一种小型一体化污水处理装置,好氧单元采用"跌水+散水+拔风"自然充氧设计,从而减少了机械曝气,降低了运行成本。实验在北方的秋冬季节进行,考察了自然充氧效果和替代机械曝气的可行性。结果表明,自然充氧可将厌氧出水ρ(DO)从1 mg/L提高到3 mg/L以上。实验设置2种曝气方式,分别为单独机械曝气(0.2 m3/h)和50%机械曝气(0.1 m3/h)+自然充氧,结果表明装置处理性能基本无差异,COD平均去除率分别为87%和86%,NH3-N分别为57%和54%,TP分别为40%和49%。     

Improvement of Ecological Footprint Method and Application in Henan Province

1 INTRODUCTIONSustainability has now become a universal policy goal atleast in the official rhetoric. Indicators of sustainabledevelopment might give policy-makers and the factorsralpublic some feeling of whether a country is moving in amore or less sustainable direction. Leading approaches tomeasure sustainable development are reintroduced andreviewed, and different types of indicators to measuresustainable development are classified into three majortypes:(1) indicators based on system th…     

A Multi-Criteria Analysis of Sustainability Effects of Increasing Concentrate Intensity in Swedish Milk Production 1989–1999

The concept of sustainable development is forcing standard economic analysis to acknowledge and address the existence of dimensions of performance, which are not reducible to monetary accounting. In particular, the implementation of this concept in practice requires: (a) the simultaneous handling of indicators developed in different disciplinary fields; and (b) an approach more related to the procedures adopted by consultants (Participatory Integrated Analysis), rather than theoretical academic analysis looking for ‘the’ optimal solution. The case study considered in this paper is a multi-criteria analysis of changes, which occurred in the Swedish milk production sector for the period 1989–1999. Multi-criteria impact matrices and multi-criteria representations are used to provide a transparent method of integrated analysis. Changes are characterized and quantified in a way that makes it possible to relate the impact of existing trends in relation to different sub-objectives (variation in performance in relation to social, economic and ecological indicators). The results of this analysis confirm a few well known predicaments of sustainability associated with agriculture. The growth of Sweden economy is driving a major increase in material throughputs within its agricultural sector. The need of increasing agricultural throughput (especially labour productivity) has moved the Swedish dairy sector in a clear situation of decreasing marginal return ( = large increases in inputs are not reflected in a proportional increase in output). Therefore, sound policies of development of this sector aimed at increasing the goal of sustainability have to be developed by considering several indicators of performance, and not only economic variables.