The Syrian refugee crisis: how local governments and NGOs manage their image via social media

This study, based on situational crisis communication theory and set in the context of the Syrian refugee crisis, seeks first to conduct a comparative analysis of the management of online citizen engagement by local governments and non‐governmental organisations (NGOs). Second, it aims to examine the relationship between certain factors pertaining to the types of responses submitted by citizens via the social media of the aforementioned actors. The sample is composed of several Spanish local governments and NGOs belonging to Red de Municipios de Acogida de Refugiados (Local Government Network for Refugee Allocation). The main findings are that NGOs' online engagement with citizens is more than that of local governments. Notably, NGOs are much more active on their Facebook pages than are local governments. The two actors converge, though, in terms of disseminating instructive information and paying less attention to ‘basic crisis response options’. Moreover, the factors ‘content type’, ‘reputation’, and ‘woman’ affect the type of response messages sent by citizens.     

The multifunctionality of the natural environment through the basic ecosystem services in the Florina region,Greece

Until the last decade, protecting the environment was seen as a factor contributing to human well-being, and conservation of natural ecosystems was considered to be one of the most important factors of environmental protection. Numerous studies have dealt with the benefits of natural ecosystems and in recent years even more so with ecosystem services, as well as interactions of ecosystem services with each other and with the urban and peri-urban environment. This paper suggests an approach to the spatial unity of the Florina region using basic ecosystem services identified by land use. The aim was, first, to describe the spatial distribution of basic ecosystem services and their interactions and, second, to investigate whether they form important statistical correlations with the basic features of the prefecture. A 1 km × 1 km analysis of 10 ecosystem services covering the surface of the prefecture was carried out.     

Interspecific interactions of amphipods <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gammarus lacustris</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gmelinoides fasciatus</Emphasis>

Experimental studies of interactions between two amphipod species (Gmelinoides fasciatus and Gammarus lacustris) showed that predation is the basic mechanism accounting for their mutual exclusion in nature. Mortality from predation among similar-sized specimens of both species at an equal abundance ratio was similar (24–25% in G. lacustris and 27–30% in G. fasciatus). The displacement of G. lacustris by G. fasciatus was observed when the latter was dominant. Adult G. fasciatus and G. lacustris successfully preyed on juveniles of their competitors and did not differ significantly in daily food consumption as a percentage of body weight: 6–24% at a fresh body weight of 18–24 mg in both species. The potential for rapid population growth under new conditions contributed to the success of the invasive Baikal species G. fasciatus in displacing G. lacustris from many water bodies of Russia.     

核废料深埋处理安全性分析的热-水-力耦合模型新进展

本文介绍了国际合作项目ＤＥＣＯＶＡＬＥＸ在核废料深埋处理安全性分析的热—水—力耦合模型研究方面的新进展。     

Fuzzy Modeling of Interactions Among Environmental Stressors in the Ecosystem of Lake Koronia,Greece

The development of a model for assessing the impact and interactions of stressors in the ecosystem of Lake Koronia, based on fuzzy inference, is presented in this paper. The proposed fuzzy inference model assesses the synergistic interactions among several significant stressors on fish production. These stressors include industrial pollution, pesticide and nutrient usage due to agricultural activities, and water level decrease due to irrigation works. Apart from the experts knowledge, expressed in a set of fuzzy rules, a number of parameters such as pH, conductivity, biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, and nitrate concentration were used as stressor indicators. The proposed model is capable of simulating the effect of a large variety of environmental conditions, and it can be used as a dynamic tool for ecosystem risk assessment since it produces both qualitative and quantitative results, allowing for comparisons of predictions with on-going observational research and ecosystem monitoring. Its operation was successfully verified for a number of different conditions, ranging from low stressor impact to high stressor impact (where, in fact, the fish production was diminished). Moreover, the proposed fuzzy inference model can be used as a tool for the investigation of the behavior of the aquatic ecosystem under a large number of hypothetical environmental risk scenarios.     

芳香型偶氮污染物紫外光谱量子力学指认及不同共轭态偶氮键电子激发研究

偶氮化合物是重要的工业化学品,也是常见的环境污染物,其紫外激发特征及"分子结构-紫外吸收"的构效关系暂未完全明确.本研究借助量子化学计算,通过对波函数与激发态"电子-空穴"的分析,描述偶氮化合物紫外吸收光谱和激发态特征.结果表明:反式偶氮苯实验紫外光谱的第一主要吸收峰应指认为π→π^*跃迁,对应其S₀→S₂激发,电子从最高占据轨道(HOMO)跃迁到最低未占据轨道(LUMO);它的第一激发过程(S₀→S₁)振子强度很小(f=0.031),对光谱贡献可以忽略.反式偶氮苯吸收峰位置与顺式相比普遍红移,表明反式结构中偶氮键通过"桥接效应"形成全局共轭,降低了激发能,对偶氮化合物的紫外吸收产生显著影响;在水溶液中,钠离子对偶氮键的电荷分布存在显著扰动,因此,孤立阴离子模型计算得到的甲基橙光谱与实验存在较大误差."推拉"电子官能团促使甲基橙分子高度极化,与钠离子和水分子作用较强,正确处理偶氮键附近的阳离子扰动是建立预测模型的关键.通过量子化学计算指认偶氮污染物紫外可见吸收光谱能为污染修复、环境工程技术开发、光学材料合成提供理论依据,具有重要意义.