基于比较视野下政府建筑安全监管问题分析与对策研究

建筑业作为国民经济的支柱产业,其重要地位和作用正日益凸显,然而由于建筑业的特殊性使施工过程的伤亡人数居高不下,重、特大事故时有发生,建筑行业成为继交通和煤矿之后事故死亡人数最多的行业,并且严重影响了建筑业劳动生产率和产品质量的提高,制约着和谐社会的构建和建筑业的稳定发展。基于建筑行业政府主管部门的角度,深入剖析了政府建筑安全监管在法律法规、监督力度及监管手段等方面所存在的问题,并通过比较美国、英国及香港地区的建筑安监督管理模式,总结了发达国家和地区建筑安全监管的先进经验,从完善法规标准、优化监管队伍、丰富监管方式等方面提出安全监管的应对措施,以减少建筑安全事故。     

国内外土壤种子库研究情况对比分析

摘要：土壤种子库是植被更新和生态恢复的自然来源。对生物多样性维护和植被的演替过程具有重要作用。通过查阅近年来国内外发表的关于土壤种子库的代表性文献,运用文献分析与管理软件EndnoteX3、Refviz和Excel数据处理软件对该领域的国内外研究情况进行了分析。同时,对国内外研究领域的扩展、土壤种子库的鉴别方法、土壤种子库的个体特征及群落结构的变化、土壤种子库的研究内容进行了系统对比,最后提出国内外对土壤种子库研究存在的问题,并就这些问题提出展望,为今后土壤种子库的研究工作提供了参考策略。     

不同实验方法对测定叶绿素a的结果分析对比相关关系探讨

2009年1—8月于滇池外海水体随机取样20组,监测叶绿素a项目,采用两种不同监测分析方法,对其监测结果,应用线性函数Y=a＋bx的形式,进行了一元线性回归相关关系（r）值的显著性检验,验证了两种监测方法之间的相关关系。     

WFGD与ACD脱硫工艺技术经济性比较

石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫工艺(WFGD)是目前国内外最为成熟并应用最广泛的烟气脱硫技术;活性焦干法脱硫技术(ACD)因其无二次污染、副产品利用价值高、应用范围广等诸多优点也符合我国基本国情。文章结合实例,从原理、技术和经济性能等方面对石灰石-石膏脱硫与与活性焦法脱硫工艺技术进行了分析比较,剖析了二者在技术及经济指标上的优劣,并针对我国电厂脱硫技术的应用提出建议。     

能源之星实验室认可政策解读及关键技术问题研究

本文对中国合格评定国家认可委员会能源之星实验室认可计划进行政策解读和明晰,并对能源之星实验室认可中出现的实验室比对、产品分类及检测方法,检测能力表述这三个直接影响实验室获得注册的突出关键问题进行了详细的分析和研究。为有意申请能源之星实验室认可的实验室进行指导,并为获得能源之星实验室认可的实验室最终获得美国环保署的最终注册提供借鉴。     

国际环境法对我国环境保护的启示

介绍了国际环境法的内涵、基本原则和发展过程,报告了我国环境保护法律体系立法趋于逐渐完善但滞后性明显的现状,从立法和执法的角度分析了我国现阶段环境保护法存在执行不利的问题,建议以推进国际环境法的实施和完善为契机,制定明细的配套法规,强化执法力度;加强各行政机关间的交流与合作,统筹应对复杂的环保形势;发达地区扶持不发达地区发展环保事业,推进我国环保事业的进步。     

Influences of Border Carbon Adjustments on China’s Foreign Trade

Abstract

The EU, the United States and other economies, with the intention to implement unilateral trade measures Border Carbon Adjustments, impose emission reduction pressure on developing countries. Once implemented, the measures will have great impact on China’s foreign trade. Using the input-output table in 2007, this paper had analyzed the influences on China’s foreign trade as a whole and sub-sectors in three tax rates scenarios. The results showed that the tariff level of China’s exports will increase by 3.6%–6.3% if the tax was levied on exports embodied emissions, and by 1.0%–1.7% if levied on export direct emissions. In 2007, the former total amount of carbon tax was about US$42.6–73.0 billion, 4 times that of the latter. Based on export embodied emissions, sectors largely influenced were non-traditional energy intensive ones, such as textile, et al. These sectors should be encouraged to carry out industrial upgrading, raising the value-added of export goods, and reducing their embodied emissions by reduction of energy intensity. Taking into account of the complexity of data collection, the tax levied on products direct emission is more operational. The results showed that the five top sectors most affected were other chemical materials, processing of petroleum and nuclear fuel, coking, smelting and rolling of ferrous metal and textile. Most of them were energy intensive sectors. Therefore, adjusting export products structure, and controlling too fast development of energy intensive industries are also important strategies in China.     

长江中游城市群区域一体化的测度与比较

实现长江中游城市集群区域一体化,既能承接东部地区产业转移,也能够向西部传递发展势能,缩小西部与中东部的差距。参照了世界银行从密度、距离与分割3个维度对区域一体化的界定,构建了区域一体化评价体系;采用2000～2010年数据,并结合层次分析法对长江中游城市集群内部区域一体化进行测度与比较分析。研究显示：（1）长株潭城市圈区域一体化水平最高,武汉城市圈次之,环鄱阳湖生态经济区最低,但三大城市群一体化水平都呈现逐渐增长趋势;（2）三大城市群在市场一体化、行政一体化及社会一体化变化水平差异明显但总体差距逐渐缩小;（3）武汉城市圈在“两型”社会建设推动下一体化水平稳步提升,长株潭城市群一体化水平进程最快,环鄱阳湖生态经济区后发优势明显。在此基础上,提出了构建长江中游城市集群经济发展联动机制的政策建议     

Effects of Land Use on Threatened Species

Abstract:  There is widespread agreement that biodiversity loss must be reduced, yet to alleviate threats to plant and animal species, the forces driving these losses need to be better understood. We searched for explanatory variables for threatened-species data at the country level through land-use information instead of previously used socioeconomic and demographic variables. To explain the number of threatened species in one country, we used information on land-use patterns in all neighboring countries and on the extent of the country's sea border. We carried out multiple regressions of the numbers of threatened species as a function of land-use patterns, and we tested various specifications of this function, including spatial autocorrelation. Most cross-border land-use patterns had a significant influence on the number of threatened species, and land-use patterns explained the number of threatened species better than less proximate socioeconomic variables. More specifically, our overall results showed a highly adverse influence of plantations and permanent cropland, a weaker negative influence of permanent pasture, and, for the most part, a beneficial influence of nonarable lands and natural forest. Surprisingly, built-up land also showed a conserving influence on threatened species. The adverse influences extended to distances between about 250 km (plants) and 2000 km (birds and mammals) away from where the species threat was recorded, depending on the species. Our results highlight that legislation affecting biodiversity should look beyond national boundaries.     

Public–Private Governance Patterns and Environmental Sustainability

This paper discusses public–private governance patterns which have emerged in global environmental management. These patterns originate from a spontaneous non-governmental basis or have intentionally been created and constructed by international organisations or states. The paper identifies four patterns of environmental governance between international organisations, governments and private actors. Theoretically governance patterns in which private actors play a prominent role, pose a challenge to state sovereignty and remould the traditional state centric pattern of environmental management. However, the article emphasises the fact that these patterns remain no more than constructs of international organisations, non-governmental organisations and governments, whose first priorities are not always environmental conservation. The paper suggests that the oldest public–private type of environmental governance, in which the environmental organisations are in advocacy roles, reform environmental management in a more concrete and sustainable way than the more recently emerging patterns.