借鉴国际经验助推我国汞污染场地修复

汞污染问题已经成为国内外关注的环境热点问题。我国是汞的生产、使用和排放大国,涉汞行业众多,汞污染场地问题突出。发达国家在汞污染场地治理方面有着丰富的经验。本文通过借鉴美国和英国的相关经验,从完善法规标准、健全管理制度、增强科技支撑和完善投融资政策四个方面为我国未来开展汞污染场地修复工作提出政策建议。     

国际环境制度对能源安全战略的重大影响

能源安全一直是国际政治和经济领域的重大问题。在追求可持续发展和全球化不断推进的2l世纪,国际环境制度的逐步形成为能源安全赋予了新的涵义,生态安全已经成为能源安全的重要组成部分。以保障能源供应为主要出发点的传统能源安全观逐渐向着涵盖能源供应、经济竞争力和环境质量三大要素的“综合能源安全观”的方向发展。     

全球经济一体化中的环境壁垒与我国环境和贸易政策选择

本文纵观全球经济贸易格局和环境问题特点,指出了环境壁垒是影响全球贸易和环境的重要因素,分析了环境壁垒产生的本质,提出了国际贸易的新形势下我国如何实现可持续经济发展的贸易和环境政策。     

Proliferating Principles; Or How to Sup with the Devil without Getting Eaten

The international humanitarian system is seen by many to be in crisis. The reasons for this are complex but include the perception held by many that there is an increasing ambivalence on the part of powerful states to invest military, political and financial resources in upholding humanitarian principles, and a growing feeling that much humanitarian action both ignores human rights issues and can prolong conflict. As a result, much attention has focused on the notion of 'humanitarian principles' and there has been a proliferation of statements and initiatives on this topic in recent years.     

苏州地区有关南黄海6.1级地震的前兆异常特征及预报检验

根据对南黄海６．１级地震前，苏州地区１９９５年９月～１９９６年１０月以地下水动态、地下水化学为主的前兆异常的分析，预报了这次地震，并对其进行了检验及原因分析     

Establishing the link between ammonia emission control and measurements of reduced nitrogen concentrations and deposition

In the context of international efforts to reduce the impactsof atmospheric NH₃ and NH₄ ⁺ (collectively, NH_x), it is important to establish the link between NH₃emissions and monitoring of NH_x concentrations and deposition. This is equally relevant to situations where NH₃emissions changes are certain (e.g. due to changed source sectoractivity), as to cases where NH₃ abatement technologies havebeen implemented. Correct interpretation of adequate atmosphericmeasurements is essential, since monitoring data provide the onlymeans to evaluate trends in regional NH₃ emissions.These issues have been reviewed using available measurements and modelling from nine countries. In addition to historic datasets,the analysis here considers countries where NH₃ source sector activity changed (both increases and decreases) and countries where NH₃ abatement policies have been implemented.In The Netherlands an `ammonia gap' was identified between the expected reduction and results of monitoring, and was attributedinitially to ineffectiveness of the abatement measures. The analysis here for a range of countries shows that atmospheric interactions complicate the expected changes, particularly sinceSO₂ emissions have decreased at the same time, while at manysites the few years of available data show substantial inter-annual variation. It is concluded that networks need to beestablished that speciate between NH₃ and aerosol NH₄ ⁺, in addition to providing wet deposition, and sample at sufficient sites for robust regional estimates to be established. Such measurements will be essential to monitor compliance of the international agreements on NH₃ emission abatement.     

云南省国际河流水质状况及其保护

介绍了云南省红河，澜沧江，怒江和伊洛瓦底江4大国际河流水系2000年的水质状况，对其1991－2000年的水质变化趋势及其主要污染因素进行了分析。据此提出了“十五”期间和以后较长一段时间内水环境治理的综合对策和措施。     

Ecohydrology and fisheries of the upper Brahmaputra basin

The Brahmaputra changes its course and pattern along with its current flow very frequently especially in its upper stretches and this has a strong bearing on its hydrobiology. The hydro-geological pattern of the Brahmaputra has resulted in a possible zonation of the river into five major types of fish habitat. Altogether 167 fish species have been recorded from the upper Brahmaputra of which about 30 percent may be considered as ornamental varieties. Again, according to their seasonal availability, the fish fauna has been grouped into four principal categories. Among all the hydrological factors, flood impulse is probably the strongest factor that regulates other limnological conditions and faunal distribution. Usually, there are three or four high floods between May and October and fish migration is intimately related to this flood regime. During the dry season fishing is mostly restricted to near the confluents of tributaries or channels and also at river meanders. However, large-scale felling of trees in the catchment areas and construction of embankments along the river banks have altered the riverine ecosystem drastically, as a result of which, the river has become heavily silted and the connecting channels of the floodplain lakes are also dammed. Consequently, fishes and other megafauna are deprived of adequate water cover, food supply and breeding grounds. An ecohydrological approach has been advocated for habitat restoration.     

正确认识绿色贸易壁垒

绿色贸易壁垒能促进广大发展中国家不断提高产品的环境保护水平,保护本国的生态环境,但在环保大潮的冲击下,一些贸易企业会由于产品不符合要求而面临出口困境。本文以绿色贸易壁垒产生的原因及应采取的措施等方面进行论述,指出绿色贸易壁垒既是挑战又是机遇,要正确认识绿色贸易壁垒。     

煤矿开采对地下水流场影响的数值模拟——以神府矿区大柳塔井田为例

煤矿开采过程中的矿坑排水对地下水流场和地下水资源利用具有强烈影响.本文通过建立平面二维地下水渗流模型,模拟煤矿开采后地下水流场的变化.模型识别校验后,对煤矿开采后地下水流场的变化趋势进行了预测.预测结果表明,随着采煤范围扩大,矿坑排水量增加,地下水循环途径被改变,充水含水层被疏干,导致泉水断流.