中、缅、印交界地区(东喜马拉雅山-横断山) 生物多样性保护研究

在中、缅、印交界的２９．１万ｋｍ＾２区域内，可区划为６种类型区。为保护生物多样性庆在云南境内扩建和新建一批自然区，在三国交界区域建立中、缅、印国际自然保护区，并在缅甸葡萄城建核心地带管理所，在中国昆明建立东喜马拉雅山－横断山揿样性保护中心。中心对本区域内不同类型生态系统的时空分布进行宏观研究，初步确认具有全球意义的原生态区与生态系统，探索跨国界的区域性生物多样性保护与管理途径。     

环太平洋陆缘成矿带区段对比及中国东南找矿思路

环太平洋陆缘弧系按其演化历史不同可分为挤压型、盆岭型和裂解型三种。不同类型弧系的不同区段金属成矿分带互有差别,甚至相反,其主要原因在于:1.构造演化历史不同,板块俯冲的势态不同;2.火山岩系列和火山岩组合,花岗岩成因类型及其发育程度和分布特征不同;3.地壳厚度和结构、基底杂岩的性质、基底构造特点和基底所赋存时代较老的金属矿化不同。在对比环太平洋成矿带各区段金属成矿特征的基础上,提出中国东南Au、Cu找矿的战略目标应在浙中闽西,江南古陆南缘和长江中下游;矽卡岩型Pb-Zn-Ag矿在浙闽沿海火山岩区有一定远景;裂谷式火山构造洼地可成为浅成热液贵金属和有色金属矿化的远景地段。     

欧盟环境立法对国际环境合作的影响

在共同的全球利益之下,因社会性因素的紧密联结而结成的较为成熟的区域性组织可以说在环境保护利益上更具有可协调性,并已成为国际环境合作的一种途径.本文通过分析区域性组织-欧洲联盟内部的环境立法,来探析国际环境合作领域.     

国际水法对长江流域立法的启示和意义

随着长江经济带建设的推进,长江流域治理亟待法治化。由于调整对象、事项和目标方面的相似性,国际水法的理论、原则、规则和实践对于长江流域立法具有重要且有益的参考价值。长江流域立法面临着利益主体多元、生态环境和资源保护任务艰巨以及治理体制机制很不合理三个方面的巨大挑战。国际水法关于生态整体性路径、公平合理利用原则以及流域治理体制机制三个基本方面的理论、法律和指南以及实践,对于长江流域立法有效应对这些挑战具有重要启示。其意义体现在：直接促进长江流域治理的法治化,间接推进中国流域立法与国际水法之间的兼容性;直接示范国内其他流域,间接助推实现我国成为全球生态文明建设重要参与者、贡献者和引领者的战略。     

生态社区建设中环保教育的代际引导机制调查研究

居民既是社区生态环境改善的受益者,也是推动和监督社区环境治理的根本动力.充分利用文献法、入户访谈、问卷调查法及案例分析法,调查生态社区环境治理背景下家庭环保教育的代际引导机制,发现:学生对于室外实践课和手工实践课兴趣很高,比较排斥室内文本形式的环保教育.超过82.4%的家长期望孩子在环保课堂中可以学习到环保知识,超过61%的家长愿意配合学生完成环保课外实践.目的:研究确实有效的家庭环保意识传递方式,为社区、学校的环境教育提供高效的教学方案.     

A holistic framework for participatory conservation approaches

Organizations seeking better methods for conservation have attempted to use participatory processes to fulfill human and ecological/environmental goals. As a result, the academic literature is filled with examples of community-level approaches to conservation. While such case studies are highly valuable, much of this literature has placed a strong emphasis on the institutional conditions surrounding successful participatory practices. Here, we seek to complement the participatory conservation literature with the community participation literature, which has tended to follow an actor-centered (e.g., residents) approach to successful participatory practices. By merging these two literatures, our goal is to offer a holistic framework that accounts for a more comprehensive understanding of the different forms and benefits of participation. We hope this framework will serve as a tool for field practitioners to implement the most effective action plans resulting in greater future successes.     

The Northwest U.S. Dam Breaching Decision: Factors, Costs and Benefits

Northwestern United States' salmon populations have fallen precipitously. Attempts at salmon restoration are going on and dam breaching is being considered. Costs associated with the continued restoration attempts including hatchery stocking, barging and trucking salmon around the dams are high while benefits are unclear. Those costs may be greater than dam breaching. An additional impetus for dam removal is the revival of the commercial salmon fishing industry. This may not occur for both ecological and economic reasons. Ecologically complete restoration may not be feasible. Economically, the rise of competitively priced salmon aquaculture will reduce the value of any future commercial catch. A statistical relationship between falling prices for wild salmon and rising salmon aquaculture output is shown.     

Butachlor Degradation in Tropical Soils: Effect of Application Rate,Biotic-Abiotic Interactions and Soil Conditions

The degradative characteristics of butachlor (N-Butoxymethyl-2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyla- cetanilide) were studied under controlled laboratory conditions in clay loam alluvial (AL) soil (Typic udifluvent) and coastal saline (CS) soil (Typic endoaquept) from rice cultivated fields. The application rates included field rate (FR), 2-times FR (2FR) and 10-times FR (10FR). The incubation study was carried out at 30°C with and without decomposed cow manure (DCM) at 60% of maximum water holding capacity (WHC) and waterlogged soil condition. The half-life values depended on the soil types and initial concentrations of butachlor. Butachlor degraded faster in AL soil and in soil amended with DCM under waterlogged condition. Microbial degradation is the major avenue of butachlor degradation from soils.     

秦皇岛“国际旅游名城”建设中高素质涉外旅游人才的培养策略

建设"国际旅游名城"不可或缺的人力资源之一是高素质的涉外旅游人才。从秦皇岛"旅游立市"及创建"国际旅游名城"的大背景出发,分析秦皇岛面临的国际旅游发展机遇,阐述涉外旅游人才的种类和含义,并针对所需人才特点提出了培养思路和策略。