广东坡地红壤颗粒组成状况的研究──Ⅱ.土壤颗粒组成的空间分异

讨论了广东坡地红壤类土壤颗粒组成的空间分异现象,阐述了岩性、地形条件、水文动力学对颗粒组成空间分布的影响,指出地形条件、水动力学作用对广东坡地红壤类土壤颗粒组成的影响,在很大程度上是由广东所处区域的生物气候条件决定的。     

温州市粮食生产潜力及土地人口承载力研究

在光能生产潜力计算的基础上,经过温度、降水、土壤肥力和土壤质量等自然因素的订正,分析了温州市的土地生产潜力、粮食生产潜力。通过对温州市历年来主要粮食作物产量分析,采用产潜比增长速度法预测了２０００年和２０１０年的粮食产量,并据此计算了２０００年、２０１０年和潜在最大的人口承载量,指出温州市建立稳定协调可持续发展的人地关系的关键。     

The Impact of Urbanization and Protection of Water Resources in Owerri and Environs SE, Nigeria

Untreated sewage and agriculture are the most important sources of contamination. The study was carried out by conducting a short-term surface water and groundwater pollution survey of the Owerri Urban area and its environs, in order to establish the current levels of pollution. An attempt has been made to show the relationships between pollution levels, population density, industrial and agricultural activities. The spatial distribution of pollutants due to a poor land use system and to human activities was investigated. This emphasises integrated planned development as a preventive measure for arresting pollution levels in fast growing urban centres. The total groundwater stored in the area amounts to 7.87 × 10⁹ m³. Twenty five percent of this is released as base flow into the adjacent rivers (Otamiri and Nworie). The annual groundwater recharge is 3.4 × 10⁹ m³. The enormous volume of groundwater stored and the comparatively low cost of development makes groundwater an excellent alternative supply source for the area (Uma et al., 1984).     

Attitudes and Perceptions about Ecological Resources and Hazards of People Living Aroung the Savannah River Site

Although considerable attention is devoted to environmental monitoring and assessment with respect to both pollutants and the status of particular plant or animal populations, less attention is devoted to assessing people's attitudes about the relative importance of ecological resources. In this paper we examine the attitudes and perceptions about ecological resources of people living around the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS), in South Carolina. Our overall hypothesis is that people who are directly affected by the possible outcomes and consequences of a particular hazard (i.e., those people employed at SRS) will undervalue the risks and overvalue the potential benefits from future land uses that favor continued site activity, compared to people who live near but are not employed at SRS. We interviewed 286 people attending the Aiken Trials horse show on 14 March 1997. There were few gender differences, although men hunted and fished more than women, women ranked three environmental concerns as more severe than did men, and women were more concerned about the effect of SRS on property values. Maintenance of SRS as a National Environmental Research Park ranked first as a future land use; nuclear production ranked second, followed by hunting and hiking. Only residential development ranked very low as a future land use. There were many differences as a function of employment history at SRS: 1) people who work at SRS think that the federal government should spend funds to clean up all nuclear facilities, and they think less money should be spent on other environmental problems than did non-employees, 2) people who work at SRS ranked continued current uses of SRS higher than did people who never worked at SRS, and 3) people who work at SRS are less concerned about the storage of nuclear material or accidents at the site than are people who never worked at the site.     

盐城海滨湿地的生态风险评价方法

以盐城海滨湿地这一脆弱生态系统为对象进行了生态风险评价方法的探讨,针对其生态环境的特点,通过对盐城海滨湿地的环境问题的描述,分析了它的风险源、风险受体和评价终点,建立了盐城海滨湿地生态风险评价的评价指标体系,对其生态风险评价方法进行了探索。     

土地利用变化驱动下的上海市区水灾灾情模拟

对上海市区近50年来的土地利用结构变化进行了重建，并计算了由土地利用变化引起的上海市区水位变化量。以特定的1962年水灾为参照，模拟在同等雨强情况下，由土地利用结构变化和地面沉降引起的淹没范围的变化以及由此带来的水灾损失的变化。结果表明，在49mm／d降水条件下，由于土地利用的变化，使2001年的径流系数比1950年增大了34．0％，2001年的水位比1950年增高了45．9％；2001年的水灾灾情为1950年的1．0629倍；即使在目前千年一遇的防洪标准下，亦可造成相当于2001年地均GDP值0．088％(约为4．5亿元人民币)的损失，这是1991年相应数值的220倍。     

井工煤矿建设工程对土地破坏的危险性评估

通过改变地表形态和降低土壤质量,井工煤矿生产对土地产生比较严重破坏.影响井工煤矿破坏土地的因素较多,针对所评估煤矿,煤层埋深与开采厚度、水文地质条件通常是主要因素,因此,选用土地利用类型、地表破坏程度和地面积水状况三个评估指标,采用单因素分析和叠加分析的方法进行土地破坏危险性评估.     

西部煤矿建设项目土地资源影响量化评价研究

以煤矿建设项目对土地资源影响的特点和规律为基础,满足该类项目环境影响评价要求为指导,以陕西省黄陵建庄矿区建北矿井及选煤厂新建项目为例,介绍西部煤矿建设项目土地资源影响量化评价的方法与思路,是西部煤矿项目土地资源影响评价深化的一种研究,有利于协调煤炭资源开发与土地资源保护问题.     

喀斯特坡地地表径流系数监测初报

通过对喀斯特坡地6种不同土地利用条件下径流小区的地表径流和植被穿透雨量以及地下水出口水位变化进行野外定点连续观测研究,结果表明,6个径流小区地表径流系数均非常小,介于0.01%~12.81%。显然,喀斯特坡地的地表径流易于入渗转化为地下径流。受人为活动影响较大的径流小区,地表径流系数随降雨量的变化呈指数函数型变化特征,容易产生地表径流系数的突变式增长。     

贵州草海湿地农田渠系水质空间分异特征及影响分析

为了解草海湿地农田渠系水质现状、空间分异特征及影响因素,于2011年秋季对草海湿地进行大空间尺度的采样,分析了氮磷等理化指标,采用单因子污染指数法和营养状态指数法分别对农田渠系水质和湖泊营养状态进行评价.结果表明,草海湿地农田渠系水质污染严重,多数水质为V类或劣V类,总氮和溶解氧是水体中的主要污染因子;上游水质劣于下游,尤其是上游靠近县城区域的水质最差;多等级排水渠系对氮磷具有一定的截留作用,干渠V级水质好于低级渠系水质;不同的土地利用方式对水质的影响不同,城镇用地>集中式村落>农田;草海湿地水体上、中、下游营养水平分别为中度富营养、轻度富营养和中营养,外源污染物的累积和湖泊营养水平的提高导致其沼泽化,而流域不合理的土地利用结构加剧了沼泽化的进程.