全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5210篇 |
免费 | 263篇 |
国内免费 | 622篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 302篇 |
废物处理 | 25篇 |
环保管理 | 1229篇 |
综合类 | 2214篇 |
基础理论 | 991篇 |
环境理论 | 3篇 |
污染及防治 | 159篇 |
评价与监测 | 161篇 |
社会与环境 | 913篇 |
灾害及防治 | 98篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 28篇 |
2023年 | 66篇 |
2022年 | 135篇 |
2021年 | 149篇 |
2020年 | 171篇 |
2019年 | 156篇 |
2018年 | 157篇 |
2017年 | 229篇 |
2016年 | 228篇 |
2015年 | 213篇 |
2014年 | 182篇 |
2013年 | 307篇 |
2012年 | 294篇 |
2011年 | 417篇 |
2010年 | 286篇 |
2009年 | 275篇 |
2008年 | 278篇 |
2007年 | 380篇 |
2006年 | 326篇 |
2005年 | 241篇 |
2004年 | 229篇 |
2003年 | 216篇 |
2002年 | 172篇 |
2001年 | 121篇 |
2000年 | 123篇 |
1999年 | 113篇 |
1998年 | 69篇 |
1997年 | 58篇 |
1996年 | 78篇 |
1995年 | 48篇 |
1994年 | 40篇 |
1993年 | 40篇 |
1992年 | 28篇 |
1991年 | 29篇 |
1990年 | 26篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 18篇 |
1980年 | 19篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 10篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有6095条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Assessing land use impacts on flood processes in complex terrain by using GIS and modeling approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Y. B. Liu F. De Smedt L. Hoffmann L. Pfister 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2005,9(4):227-235
A distributed hydrologic modeling and GIS approach is applied for the assessment of land use impact in the Steinsel sub-basin, Alzette, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. The assessment focuses on the runoff contributions from different land use classes and the potential impact of land use changes on runoff generation. The results show that the direct runoff from urban areas is dominant for a flood event compared with runoff from other land use areas in this catchment, and tends to increase for small floods and for the dry season floods, whereas the interflow from forested, pasture and agricultural field areas contributes to the recession flow. Significant variations in flood volume, peak discharge, time to the peak, etc., are found from the model simulation based on the three hypothetical land use change scenarios. 相似文献
42.
Using environmental stressor information to predict the ecological status of Maryland non-tidal streams as measured by biological indicators 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Vølstad JH Roth NE Mercurio G Southerland MT Strebel DE 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,84(3):219-242
In Maryland, U.S., an interim framework has recentlybeen developed for using biologically based thresholds, or `biocriteria', to assess the health of nontidal streams statewide at watershed scales. The evaluation of impairment is based on indices of biological integrity from the Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS). We applied logistic regression to quantify how the biotic integrity of streams at a local scale is affected by cumulative effects resulting from catchment land uses, point sources, and nearby transmission line rights-of-way. Indicators for land use were developed from the remote sensing National Land Cover Data and applied at different scales. We determined that the risk of local impairment in nontidal streams rapidly increases with increased urban land use in the catchment area. The average likelihood of failing biocriteria doubled with every 10% points increment in urban land, thus an increase in urban land use from 0 to 20% quadruples the risk of impairment. For the basins evaluated in this study, catchments with more than 40–50% urban land use had greater than 80% probability of failing biocriteria, on average. Inclusion of rights-of-way and point sources in the model did not significantly improve the fit for this data set, most likely because of their low numbers. The overall results indicate that our predictive modeling approach can help pinpoint stream ecosystems experiencing or vulnerable to degradation. 相似文献
43.
Combating desertification in natural rangelands has recently become a priority in large parts of southern Africa. Rangeland
managers, farmers, scientists, conservationists and land users have been applying a variety of restoration technologies to
address this problem. Bush encroachment, as part of the desertification process, involves the natural replacement of the herbaceous
plant cover by undesirable problem woody species. The active and passive restoration technologies that are applied, are mainly
based on indigenous knowledge and include the chemical, mechanical or manual reclamation of unproductive rangelands, as well
as the combating of woody and alien species encroachment. Indigenous practices and knowledge play a major role in the effectiveness
and success rate of these technologies. This project faces the challenge of bringing together both local and scientific knowledge
in a single user-friendly, computerised Decision Support System (DSS) which is directly accessible by land users to support
them in the process of decision making, concerning the combating of desertification. Case studies from central and northern
Namibia were used to combine qualitative and quantitative data to develop this Decision Support System. The DSS currently
consists of two databases and an expert system, which evaluates the results of land users’ management practices, and provides
easily accessible information and advice for participants in the system, based on the incorporated data. The DSS is also linked
to national and international web sites and databases to offer a wider range of information on technologies concerning agricultural
and conservation practices. 相似文献
44.
45.
Andrew D. Kennedy 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1997,48(2):173-192
Identifying process from pattern is one of the most vexing tasks inenvironmental monitoring. Given information on the distribution of speciesin a pre-defined area, together with comprehensive data on how environmentalconditions in that area have altered through time, is it possible toidentify the factors controlling the species‘ layout? Here, the practicalsignificance of this quandary is demonstrated using a series ofenvironmentally-degraded coastal lagoons in New South Wales. The TuggerahLakes (33°17′S,151°30′E) have over the last 50 yearsexperienced significant changes in species‘ distributions. Seagrasses,macroalgae, phytoplankton, molluscs, prawns and the jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus have altered in spatial pattern. Two human activitieshave been blamed for these perturbations: (1) agricultural clearance ofnative vegetation from the catchment, with associated input of top-soil andnutrients; (2) the commissioning of a coal-fired power station in 1967, withmassive uptake and recirculation of lake water for cooling purposes. In thispaper, spatial changes in macrophyte distributions over the last 50 yearsare reviewed in an attempt to identify the true source(s) of perturbation.The model adopted assumes that the power station is a point source of impactwhile nutrient inputs from the catchment are a diffuse source of impact;changes in species distributions can hypothetically be related back to thesesources according to whether they are localised or widespread. However,after a comprehensive analysis of available macrophyte data derived frominterviews, aerial photography and line transect methodologyies theconclusion is reached that changes in biogeographical pattern around theTuggerah Lakes cannot be attributed to specific anthropogenic pressures atanything beyond the coarsest of levels. This is considered to be the normfor most coastal management situations where natural background variation(’noise‘) and the complexity of linkages between physical, chemical andbiological components confounds the identification of causal relationships.The practical implications of this conclusion are discussed in the contextof litigation and remedial management design. Emphasis is placed on theneed to adopt an adaptive approach to estuarine management, incorporatingexplicit recognition of the limitations of available data, and to developnew techniques for identifying cause-effect relationships. 相似文献
46.
Controlled-release fertilizer(CRF):A green fertilizer for controlling non-point contamination in agriculture 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Fertilizers contribute greatly to high yields but also result in environmental non-point contamination, including the emission of greenhouse gas(N2O) and eutrophication of water bodies. How to solve this problem has become a serious challenge, especially for China as its high ecological pressure. Controlled-release fertilizer(CRF) has been developed to minimize the contamination while keeping high yield and has become a green fertilizer for agriculture. Several CRFs made with special coating technology were used for testing the fertilizer effects in yield and environment through pot experiment and field trial. The result indicated that the CRFs had higher N use efficiency, thus reducing N loss through leaching and volatilization while keeping higher yields. Comparing with imported standard CRFs,the test on CRFs showed similar fertilizer effect but with much lower cost. CRFs application is becoming a new approach for minimizing non-point contamination in agriculture. 相似文献
47.
48.
植物遗传资源保护与利用的市场化机制和国际制度 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
随着植物物种资源的不断减少和因生物技术迅猛发展对植物遗传资源需求的不断增加 ,植物遗传资源正逐步由公共物品转变为稀缺物品。坚持《生物多样性公约》所确立的遗传资源效益公平分享原则 ,完善现有国际多边体系 ,促进以“遗传编码功能”价值概念和遗传资源保护效应“内部化”与“补偿”方案为基础的植物遗传资源市场化保护与利用机制的形成 ,建立“植物遗传资源交易所”和“生物多样性合作社” ,将有助于提高世界各国尤其是发展中国家保护植物遗传资源的积极性 ,实现全球植物遗传资源的可持续利用 相似文献
49.
Land degradation is a consequence stemming from both natural processes and social economic activities. On the bases of analyzing general situation of agricultural land degradation in China, the monetary estimating methods such as market value method and shadow engineering method were used to quantitatively assess the economic loss resulting from land deterioration. Results showed that the economic loss in 1999 was 326.8l billion RMB Yuan, which accounted for 4.1% of GDP in the same year of China. If taking five items namely farmland conversion, soil erosion, salinization, decline in reservoir functions, and siltation in waterways and, comparing with that in 1992, the percentage of economic loss to GDP has increased by 1.5 in the only 7 years. 相似文献
50.
对张八岭地区的构造特征、演化及其动力学有不同解释。通过1:5万张八岭幅、珠龙幅区域地质调查.从地层、岩石组合、岩石化学、岩浆岩、构造变形和变质等研究认为.该区从中新元古代起,经历了成谷、沉积.下沉、顺层剪切、深部熔融、塑性流动、层间褶皱.叠加折劈、宽缓褶曲、逆掩推覆,壳层滑动、熔融成浆、聚浆热隆、侵入或喷发.剥蚀夷平、堆积充填等铸成现今地貌景观.引起上述构造特征和演化的动力源自重力、热力和地球自转速率变化的惯性离心力等的结合与转化,它们在每个阶段各自所起的作用不同,就产生不同构造特征,推动区域构造演化. 相似文献