Evaluation of antioxidant potentials of Morinda morindoides leaf extract

This study investigated antioxidant status of animals given aqueous extract of Morinda morindoides leaves using the levels of reduced glutathione, total-thiol, vitamin C, and vitamin E as well as malondialdehyde concentrations as indices, and its in vitro antioxidant capacity. Thirty rats divided into five groups were used. Group A served as control and were administered distilled water while groups B, C, D, and E were given 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg per kilogram body weight of water-extracted constituents of M. morindoides for 28 days. Total phenolic compounds amounted to 83.6 ± 5.9 mg g^?1 gallic acid equivalent, while total flavonoid content was 9.5 ± 0.9 mg g^?1 pyrocathecol equivalent. Malondialdehyde in plasma was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner, ranging from 21% in groups B and C to 84% in groups D and E. Vitamins C and E were significantly increased, in group E by 91% and 17% compared with control. Total thiols and glutathione in plasma were significantly increased, with group E having 2.5-fold and 4.2-fold higher values than control.     

光和微生物降解对芦苇落叶溶解有机物与铅相互作用的影响

溶解有机物（DOM）是决定水环境中铅（Pb）的形态、环境行为和生态风险的重要因子.然而,落叶DOM与Pb（II）络合作用的调控机制尚不清楚.光和微生物降解是调控DOM含量、组成与活性的两个关键过程.本研究运用降解培养实验、光谱学表征和荧光猝灭滴定,考察光和微生物降解单独作用和共同作用对芦苇落叶DOM的改造及其对DOM与Pb（II）相互作用的影响.激发-发射三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析共识别出4个类腐殖质组分（C1~C4）和1个类蛋白质组分（C5）.类腐殖质组分更容易被光降解,类蛋白质组分则被微生物优先利用,光降解在短期的光-微生物降解过程中起主导作用.对于原始落叶DOM,Pb（II）主要与类腐殖质组分C1、C2和C4络合,C3组分只在光-微生物降解后的样品呈现显著荧光猝灭,类蛋白质组分C5在光和光-微生物降解后开始参与络合.类腐殖质C1与Pb（II）络合的条件稳定常数logK_M在光降解后升高而在光-微生物降解后下降,C2和C4的logK_M值经过各降解过程后均升高.降解后这3个组分参与络合的比例f和络合容量F_max·f均显著降低,且光降解的影响显著高于微生物降解.这些结果表明,光降解和微生物降解对DOM丰度、组成和结构的改造将显著影响其与金属离子的络合稳定性和络合容量.     

武汉市主要绿化树种滞尘效应研究

本实验对武汉市城区主干道主要绿化树种的滞尘效应与叶表面结构进行了研究。结果表明：（1）同一尘源条件下,不同树种的滞尘能力差异显著。乔木中悬铃木滞尘能力较高,可达6.9345 g/m²;小乔木中紫薇和紫叶李是滞尘能力较高的树种,滞尘能力分别为1.9543 g/m²和1.8790 g/m²;灌木中红花檵木和杜鹃等有较强的滞尘能力,分别可达4.0373 g/m²和3.8875 g/m²;（2）利用扫描电镜观察叶表面结构发现：叶表具毛被、褶皱、较深的不规则网格等特征的树种滞尘能力较高,叶表平滑或叶表网格结构规则且较浅时滞尘能力较低;（3）同一树种在不同的尘源条件下滞尘能力差异显著,空气中颗粒物浓度越高,滞尘能力也越大。以车流量近似模拟尘源条件表明,滞尘能力与车流量呈正相关。     

行道树悬铃木叶片中邻苯二甲酸酯的研究

采集上海市杨浦区部分交通道路两侧行道树悬铃木叶片样品,对邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的分布特征进行分析.结果表明,叶片组织和表面附着物中均含有邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP);叶片组织易于吸收主要以气相存在于大气中的DBP,质量面积比范围高于表面附着物8倍以上;而主要存在于大气悬浮颗粒中的DEHP在叶片表面附着物中的质量面积比高于DBP.行道树悬铃木叶片中的PAEs质量面积比与机动车流量有一定的相关性.     

Characteristics of Cajander Larch (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Larix cajanderi</Emphasis> Mayr) on Dredging Waste Dumps in the Amur Region

Former dredging sites were studied in the taiga zone of the Amur region (in Khabarovsk Krai). The involvement of Larix cajanderi in plant succession on dredging waste dumps was revealed. Some morphological-anatomical parameters of L. cajanderi needles were compared in trees growing on the dumps and in adjacent open larch stands on waterlogged peaty soils.__________Translated from Ekologiya, No. 4, 2005, pp. 259–263.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Osipov, Burundukova.     

Ozone Deposition at a Forest Site in NE Bavaria

The dry deposition of ozone to aconiferous forest in northeastern Bavaria(southern Germany) was quantified during 1999with both the eddy correlation method and a bigleaf model. The model included parameterizationsof the atmospheric transfer resistances fromdirect measurements, stomatal resistance from aplant ecological model, and an estimation of thecuticle resistance as function of leaf wetness.Early in the season, the measured and themodelled deposition fluxes were in goodagreement, although the modelled fluxes tended tounderestimate the measured ones. Thisunderestimation was more pronounced in the latesummer, when high nocturnal fluxes werefrequently measured. The model parameterizationof the cuticle and the stomatal resistances didnot allow for such high fluxes. In these cases,the 24 hour average of the measured fluxes wereup to 4.5 times higher than the modelled ones.The reasons for these large discrepancies remainunknown. However, assigning the unaccounted partof the deposition to a nonstomatal surfacedeposition pathway, a new parameterization of therespective resistance yielded an average value of300 s m^-1. It exhibited a decreasing trendthrough the vegetation period.     

A Method for Evaluating the Morphological Diversity of Strawberry Leaves in Natural Populations

A method for comparing polymorphic characters is proposed. As an example, the morphological diversity of strawberry leaves is evaluated. Initially, the factors determining leaf shape and the main directions of its variation are identified. These directions are used as coordinates outlining the space of possible realizations of the character. The polymorphic sets of real leaves from individual populations differ in being located in different parts of this space.     

Ultrastructure effects of omethoate and cypermethrin insecticides on maize seedlings

Increasing studies suggest that insecticides are one of the plant stress elements that affect plant growth and productivity by interfering with cell metabolic and biochemical activities. Here, we show that the application of commonly used pesticides omethoate and cypermethrin on maize (Zea mays L. cv. Luyu 9) seedling leaves resulted in adverse effects on leaf ultrastructure changes under laboratory conditions. Electron microscopic studies reveal that the topical application of organophosphorus insecticide omethoate causes direct injury of leaf ultrastructures including cell wall breakdown of abaxial epidermis cells, inner cells, stomata guard cells; degradation of mitochondrial membrane, and chloroplast envelope membrane; and abnormal changes of lamella arrangement of chloroplast. And the topical application of cypermethrin insecticide causes plasmolysis of cells of the adaxial epidermis, mitochondrial cristae are degraded, and loosen arranged lamella of amyloplasts. All these changes indicated that omethoate and cypermethrin are stress factors that caused adverse effects on plant ultrastructures and biochemical molecules.     

开花后小麦地上部镉、砷分布及其转运特征

为了探明小麦开花后叶片和茎节对籽粒中镉(Cd)和砷(As)累积的影响效应,采用田间小区试验,研究了山农28(SN28)和济麦22(JM22)两个小麦品种地上部各器官Cd和As的分布规律和迁移特征.结果表明,在灌浆期,小麦地上部的Cd主要分布在节中,Cd由节间3到节2、节间2到节1和叶鞘1到节1的转运能力显著强于其他部位.在成熟期,Cd主要分布于叶片中,Cd由叶鞘到叶片和由节1到穗轴的转运能力显著增强.此外,JM22中颖壳到穗轴和穗轴到籽粒的Cd转运能力显著低于SN28,使JM22的穗轴、颖壳和籽粒中Cd含量与SN28相比分别显著降低了22.3%、 40.8%和44.4%.同时,从灌浆期到成熟期小麦地上部的As主要分布于叶片中,且JM22颖壳和籽粒中As含量显著低于SN28,降幅分别为25.8%和33.3%.在灌浆期和成熟期,小麦中As转运系数由叶鞘到节显著高于叶到叶鞘和节到节间,平均增幅为438%和190%.此外,JM22中As由颖壳到籽粒和穗轴到籽粒的转运系数分别比SN28显著降低40.6%和44.4%.总之,开花后小麦旗叶、节1和穗轴调控了Cd转运及其在籽粒的累积,而小麦的叶3、旗...     

中国生态脆弱区叶面积指数变化的主导气象因子研究

开展气候变化背景下中国生态脆弱区叶面积指数（LAI）变化的主导气象因子研究,对揭示该区陆地生态系统的变化规律和生态系统对气候变化的动态响应具有重要意义,并为生态恢复建设提供科学依据。基于CN0 5.1气象数据和全球陆表特征参量（GLASS）LAI产品,利用主成分分析方法研究了中国生态脆弱区1982—2017年LAI的变化特征及其主导气象因子。结果显示：1982—2017年,中国生态脆弱区气温基本呈上升趋势,而降水趋势的区域差异显著。大部分生态脆弱区LAI呈增长趋势,包括干旱半干旱、黄土高原、青藏高原和西南岩溶山地石漠化脆弱区大部,以及北方农牧林草脆弱区西部和东南部、南方农牧脆弱区北部和东南部。中国生态脆弱区LAI增长的主导气象因子是气温,其中生态脆弱区大部LAI增长的主导气象因子是日平均气温,而干旱半干旱脆弱区西部和南方农牧脆弱区LAI增长的主导气象因子分别是和日最低和最高气温。研究表明,在研究时段升温对我国生态脆弱区植被生长有积极影响,但在一些区域受湿度状况调制。