2015—2020年广东臭氧污染特征、污染天气分型及局地气象要素影响

利用2015—2020年广东省102个国控大气环境监测站臭氧(O₃)监测数据、广东省21个地市国家基本气象站地面气象观测数据和欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)第五代大气再分析全球气候数据(ERA5再分析资料)，研究了2015—2020年广东O₃污染特征、污染天气分型及局地气象要素影响.结果表明：2017—2019年广东O₃污染较严重，4—5月O₃浓度逐步上升，6月出现一定下降后7月开始持续上升，峰值出现在9—10月；珠三角O₃超标率明显高于全省其他地区，粤东O₃超标率低于全省平均水平，但浓度平均值高于全省其他地区.基于自组织映射(SOM)方法，将2015—2020年逐日海平面气压和10 m水平风进行分型得到12类环流型，按污染程度分为“污染天气型”、“轻污染天气型”和“清洁天气型”.其中“污染天气型”有台风外围叠加副高型、冷锋前部型、热带系统降水前静稳型、高压底前部型4类.12类天气型所对应的O₃浓度与日照时数、最高气温呈显著正相关...     

Making a case for the consideration of trust,justice, and power in conservation relationships

In conservation, trust and justice are increasingly recognized as both intrinsically valuable and critical for successful socioecological outcomes. However, the interdependence between these concepts has not been explored. The conservation trust literature provides examples of efforts to build trust between conservationists and local actors; yet, these interventions are often conceived to incentivize local cooperation within dominant paradigms. We argue that when trust building is promoted as a technical fix that does not plan in advance to address power asymmetries in conservation practice, inequities may inadvertently be re-embedded. Therefore, we conceptualized a framework that joins trust, justice, and power so that critical analyses of conservation partnerships can be more effectively undertaken. We drew on environmental justice theory to better calibrate the trust literature for the historical-political settings of conservation, especially in the Global South. Justice and trust share strong theoretical links where perceptions of justice shape a willingness to trust, and, equally, trust is a precondition for justice to be perceived. Different forms of trust connect to varied domains of justice and power in different ways, which mediates the outcomes of interventions. We applied our framework to case studies to explore how these interdependences play out in practice. Failure of agencies to attend to issues of maldistribution, misrecognition of cultural values and knowledge, and exclusion from participation strongly compromised trust. Moreover, the ways in which nature-dependent communities and marginalized conservation workers are trusted, or the conditions under which they give trust, can lead to partnerships being perceived as just or unjust. Focusing on trust and justice can help identify power dynamics so they can be addressed more readily and create space for alternative understandings of partnerships.