不同隧道坡度与车厢火灾位置情况下烟气蔓延特性研究*

为研究含坡度隧道不同火源位置情况下车厢火灾烟气蔓延特性,采用CFD数值模拟方法,建立全尺寸地铁隧道与列车数值模型,研究车厢不同火源位置情况下火灾烟气纵向温度分布规律,探讨倾斜隧道车厢火源位置对烟气蔓延的影响。研究结果表明:当火灾烟气蔓延处于纵向通风惯性力与热浮力竞争作用控制阶段时,火源位于车厢上游方向时火灾烟气向车厢方向蔓延距离小于火源位于车厢下游方向情况,且随坡度增大,火源位于车厢上游方向烟气逆流长度不断减小,位于下游方向烟气逆流长度不断增大;当纵向通风风速达到2 m/s时,火源位于车厢上下游方向2种情况下,列车车厢方向均无烟气蔓延（逆流长度为0）,此时火灾烟气蔓延将主要由纵向通风控制,隧道坡度无显著影响。     

江西赣南数字地震台网JOPENS系统常用地震定位方法比较

利用JOPENS系统提供单纯型法、Hypo2000、HypoSAT等地震定位方法,对赣南台网记录的赣南境内、赣粤闽交界区、中国台湾地震分别进行定位、比较,并分别提出适合赣南台网的地震定位方法.     

多路况指标下的高速公路应急物资选址方案评价

为了筛选合理的应急资源布局位置,阐述了以实际路况评价应急物资选址的合理性,提出了以实际路况指标为基础构建的选址方案评价模型。考虑到城市道路和高速公路的阻因不同,将主要影响应急物资选址的路况属性量化。通过对应急车辆驾驶员的调查获得路况指标权重,引入模糊评价用以区分路况指标值接近的最优选址方案,经实例分析证明了该选址方案评价方法的可行性。研究表明,良好的选址方案应具备动态交通因素影响小、通行路径道路等级高、行驶里程短、平面交叉口和转弯次数少的特点。     

Leak location of pipelines based on transient model and PSO-SVM

An improved and integrated approach of support vector machine and particle swarm optimization theory (PSO-SVM) is first used to detect the leak location of pipelines and overcome the problem of multiple leaks. The calibration and predictive ability of improved PSO-SVM is investigated and compared with that of other common method, back-propagation neural network (BPNN). Two conditions are evaluated. One with a leak involves a set of 20 samples, while another with two leaks has 127 samples. Both internal and external validations are performed to validate the performance of the resulting models. The results show that, for the two conditions, the values calculated by improved PSO-SVM are in good agreement with those simulated by transient model, and the performances of improved PSO-SVM models are superior to those of BPNN. This paper provides a new and effective method to inspect the multiple leak locations, and also reveals that improved PSO-SVM can be used as a powerful tool for studying the leak of pipeline.     

基于面源模型的城市内部居住环境区位优势度分析

首先,利用ARC/INFO平台将研究区域划分成若干元胞(cell),作为居住环境区位优势度空间评价基本单元,各种统计运算以元胞为单位进行,结果通过元胞显示出来,就可以构造面源模型。运用该模型对居住环境区位优势度研究,有效解决了不同空间单元信息如何在同一单元融合的问题,弥补以往选取若干典型小区的片状研究方法的若干不足。其次,对佳木斯市居住环境区位优势度进行分析,最后,在Arcmap平台下,充分发挥GIS的逻辑查询和图形叠置功能,建立了呈不规则四圈层的单核心居住环境区位优势度评价空间结构模式图。     

A hybrid model for remanufacturing facility location problem in a closed-loop supply chain

Traditional supply chain design is merely based on the open loop or forward flow of materials, neglecting reverse flow for recovery of materials despite the recent concerns of customers and governments about environmental and production cost reductions. New supply chain design should be closed loop which implements traditional supply chain concepts with reverse flow or a material recovery system to reduce production cost and enhance customer satisfaction about environmental consciousness and to meet legal requirements. In our research, we designed a closed-loop supply chain which consists of recovery options such as collection centres and remanufacturing plants (reverse flow) in addition to traditional supply chain tiers (forward flow), and tried to find the best location for these facilities in a discrete space based on decision makers' opinions. Since there are uncertainties about decision parameters in an uncapacitated facility location problem, we implemented the fuzzy TOPSIS method to solve the location decision problem and find the best place to locate a remanufacturing facility.     

Ecological risk assessment from the viewpoint of surface water pollution in Xiamen City,China

The ecological security of urban surface water is subject to significant risk due to rapid urbanization. Pollutant discharge and accumulation are among the most critical stressors endangering urban surface water and affecting the normal operation of urban aquatic ecosystem services. In this study, we assessed how pollutant accumulation stresses water purification systems, which perform important urban ecosystem services. First, we applied a water environmental capacity model to calculate thresholds of urban surface water environmental capacity under a given water quality target. Second, based on a stepwise regression method, an equation was used to describe the relationship between stressor factors (pollutant accumulation) and measurable socioeconomic indicators. Third, an ecological risk index was used as an assessment endpoint indicator to assess the negative ecological effect of pollutant accumulation. Finally, risk level was classified according to the risk quotient method. Taking Xiamen City as an example, we analyzed the contribution of different sources of pollutants and evaluated the urban ecological risk posed by two major contaminants present in the environment by measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N). The results show that the ecological risk indexes of both COD and NH₄⁺-N are expected to decrease from 2020 to 2030; that of COD is expected to fall from medium to low, whereas that of NH₄⁺-N is expected to fall from high to medium. These findings demonstrate that the ecological risk posed to the surface water in Xiamen City can be reduced by controlling population growth, optimizing industrial structure, and promoting economic development.     

基于误差修正距离约束的深井巷道目标定位算法

针对基于距离约束的井下定位算法本身存在的近似误差,尤其在锚点附近定位误差较大的问题,通过改进算法,引入1个误差系数ω,并以此为依据,来选取误差较小的边作为定位信息来源,同时引入修正系数ε来进行修正分割点,使其更加接近于垂足,以此来减少定位的误差。仿真结果表明:改进算法的平均定位误差远小于原定位算法,约为1/4;改进算法的最大误差小于1.5 m、最小误差为0.2 m;改进算法不仅定位精度优于原定位算法,且计算复杂度较低,更加适用于深井环境定位。     

Perception of drinking water in the Quebec City region (Canada): the influence of water quality and consumer location in the distribution system

The purpose of every water utility is to provide consumers with drinking water that is aesthetically acceptable and presents no risk to public health. Several studies have been carried out to analyze people's perception and attitude about the drinking water coming from their water distribution systems. The goal of the present study is to investigate the influence of water quality and the geographic location of consumers within a distribution system on consumer perception of tap water. The study is based on the data obtained from two surveys carried out in municipalities of the Quebec City area (Canada). Three perception variables were used to study consumer perception: general satisfaction, taste satisfaction and risk perception. Data analysis based on logistic regression indicates that water quality variations and geographic location in the distribution system have a significant impact on the consumer perception. This impact appears to be strongly associated with residual chlorine levels. The study also confirms the importance of socio-economic characteristics of consumers on their perception of drinking water quality.     

紧急避难场所优化布局理论研究

建设应急避难场所是国际社会应对突发性事件的一项灾民安置措施,同时也是现代化大城市用于民众躲避地震、火灾、爆炸、洪水等重大自然灾害的安全避难场所.本文在对避难场所规划原则、城市避难场所布局、选址及其要求进行分析的基础上,提出了城市避难场所数量、容量的确定路线,并对避难场所布局优化进行了研究,提出了网络优化模型,并结合实际应用对其进行了一定的完善.