四川水力资源开发和长江上游水土保持的思考

四川具有丰富的水力资源，在西部大开发的形势下，将大力进行开发。根据四川境内的四大河流流域的水土流失及河道泥沙资料，经初步分析，认为水土流失与河道泥沙的关系非常密切，二者成正相关态势。然后，进一步探讨了长江上游水利工程在阻挡流失水土进入长江主河道过程中的地位和作用，探讨表明，这些水利工程有效地阻拦了流失水土进入长江河道；与此同时，水利工程，如电站，水库等的库容却大大减少,降低了工程效益发挥，缩短了使用年限。在此基础上，还探讨了控制水土流失，大力开发四川水力资源和进行长江上游生态屏蔽建设的措施。在四川水力资源开发过程中，对四川，对整个长江流域，必须工程效益和生态效益并重，故应当加强水土保持生态环境建设，而生物工程植物治沙措施在这一问题中具有特殊意义。     

珠江上游少数民族农业区域生态安全预警研究--贵州境内22县实证分析

区域生态安全是区域经济社会可持续发展的基础。珠江上游少数民族农业区域的生态安全形势严峻，其生态安全不仅事关本区域的经济社会可持续发展。而且影响珠江中下游地区（尤其是珠江三角洲地区）的经济社会可持续发展.本文以科学发展观为指导,建立珠江上游少数民族农业区域生态安全预警指标体系。并通过对贵州境内22县的样本分析,横向比较,作出珠江上游生态少数民族农业区域生态安全预警。     

On the Flood Disasters in the Lower Jingjiang Reaches: Grey Prediction Model and Application

1 INTRODUCTION Located in the transition area of the natural zones between north and south as well as the typical subtropical zone featured with warm-wet in the summer and cool-moisture in the winter (Shen, 1986; Chen et al., 2001), the MiddleYangtze reach is of great importance in the development and flood control of this region (Chen et al., 2001; Yin and Li, 2001). Due principally to the special geological setting and geographic location, the lower Jingjiang reach, typical of vast fl…     

试论长江中游沿岸地区区域环境特征与洪涝灾害

首先论述了长江中游沿岸地区的区域环境基本特征:①以平原为主体的层状地表结构;②亚热带季风气候;③河网密布,湖泊众多;④过渡性的土壤和植被。然后分析了该区洪涝灾害的概况,揭示了洪涝灾害的自然原因与人为影响。     

长江中游现代河流沉积物磁组构参数值特征研究

对长江中游簿洲湾一带不同类型河段(平直和弯曲)、不同水文环境(高滩、低滩、心滩)沉积物磁组构参数特征的系统取样、测量和统计分析结果表明：1)平直河段沉积物的磁化率各向异性参数的K、P、F、Fs、T以及E的统计平均值均比弯曲河段处相应磁组构参数值略偏大。而q、L的统计平均值却比弯曲河段河流沉积物的相应磁组构值略偏小；2)平直河段各向异性量值椭球长轴磁偏角方向明显，其与水流作用方向具有很好的一致性。而在弯曲河段各向异性量值椭球长轴磁偏角的方向分散，反映了在弯曲河段处水流具有方向多变的特点；3)从河流高滩、低滩到心滩沉积物的磁化率各向异性参数P、F、Fs、T、E的统计平均值均具有从小逐渐变大，而磁基质颗粒度q、磁线理L却从大逐渐变小的变化趋势。这一特点与溃口、高水位时沉积环境不稳定，水流方向多变的、沉积物分选性差的特点是一致的。研究结果对研究古河道的演化、变迁、古河道的识别确定具有重要的意义。     

乌江中上游水库-河流体系夏秋季N、Si分布特征

测定了乌江中上游的洪家渡至乌江渡水库段水体中总氮、氨氮和溶解态硅等营养物质含量，并现场测定水深、温度、溶解氧和叶绿素浓度等理化参数。研究结果表明：在夏秋水库分层现象不断减弱期间，氮、硅的空间分布受水库生物地球化学作用差异的影响，在空间上具有明显不同的分布特征。流域内地表水总氮含量变化不大，水库内垂直分布也较均一；7至9月份河流和水库表层水体总氮含量平均值呈下降趋势，分别为347、317和 3.00 mg/L。7、8月份水库表层水溶解态硅含量明显低于上下游水体，说明水库生物吸收作用强而导致水库滞留溶解态硅；在垂直剖面上，0～30 m 水体溶解态硅含量随水深增加而增加，30～60 m 溶解态硅含量变化不大，这反映了水库上层水体生物对硅的吸收,和下层水体溶解态硅的吸收和释放平衡。     

汉江中下游流域降水时空规律分析及干旱预测

近年来汉江中下游流域连续发生干旱,随着越来越多跨流域调水工程的实施,势必加剧该流域的旱情。所以,研究汉江中下游流域降水序列及干旱预测显得尤为重要。应用汉江中下游12个站点50年(1963—2012年)降水资料,通过克里金插值法和一元线性回归方程分析其降水的空间分布及时间变化规律。选取1963—2006年的数据建立灾变预测模型GM(1,1),预测该区域未来一定时期内可能发生干旱的年份。经过多种检验,模型精度较高,预测结果也基本与实际相符。     

A CFD based explosion risk analysis methodology using time varying release rates in dispersion simulations

A full probabilistic Explosion Risk Analysis (ERA) is commonly used to establish overpressure exceedance curves for offshore facilities. This involves modelling a large number of gas dispersion and explosion scenarios. Capturing the time dependant build up and decay of a flammable gas cloud size along with its shape and location are important parameters that can govern the results of an ERA. Dispersion simulations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are generally carried out in detailed ERA studies to obtain these pieces of information. However, these dispersion simulations are typically modelled with constant release rates leading to steady state results. The basic assumption used here is that the flammable gas cloud build up rate from these constant release rate dispersion simulations would mimic the actual transient cloud build up rate from a time varying release rate. This assumption does not correctly capture the physical phenomena of transient gas releases and their subsequent dispersion and may lead to very conservative results. This in turn results in potential over design of facilities with implications on time, materials and cost of a project.In the current work, an ERA methodology is proposed that uses time varying release rates as an input in the CFD dispersion simulations to obtain the fully transient flammable gas cloud build-up and decay, while ensuring the total time required to perform the ERA study is also reduced. It was found that the proposed ERA methodology leads to improved accuracy in dispersion results, steeper overpressure exceedance curves and a significant reduction in the Design Accidental Load (DAL) values whilst still maintaining some conservatism and also reducing the total time required to perform an ERA study.     

基于GIS和RS的雅鲁藏布江中游地区荒漠化动态变化研究

选取1988年TM、2000年ETM以及2007年的ALOS影像数据为主要数据源,对雅鲁藏布江中游地区荒漠化动态变化进行了研究。结果表明:近20年沙质荒漠化经历了1988—2000年沙质荒漠化总面积呈上升趋势和2000—2007年沙质荒漠化总面积呈下降趋势两个发展阶段,但是总体上却是呈上升趋势,其中轻度、中度和重度沙质荒漠化土地增加的速度分别为1.93%、1.50%和3.20%,表现为沙质荒漠化土地总面积在较大幅度增加的同时荒漠化程度的提高速度相当快;沙质荒漠化的形成,一方面与青藏高原高寒干燥的气候和脆弱的植被生态系统有关,另一方面也受人为活动的驱动。该研究可为该地区荒漠化治理提供科学依据。     

Malodor emission characteristics in rendering plants

Odor emission characteristics in rendering plant was studied by measuring 14 kinds of odorants in the emission gases from main processes: cooking of raw bone, concentrating of glue, refining of fat, and drying of bone. The odor from cooker had higher concentration of all odorous components compared with the other processes. From any process except the drying one, there were detected sulfur‐containing odorants in very high concentration. Of the odorants, concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan were higher. The odor from drying bed had comparatively low concentration of sulfur‐containing odorants, and higher concentration of ammonia and trimethylamine were detected. Lower fatty acids were detected from all processes though the concentrations were low. In the odorous gases taken at both the emission source and borderline side, high correlations were recognized between organoleptic test value and concentrations of measured odorants.