大落差原油管道投产充水过程研究

为了探究大落差管道充水投产过程中存在的不满流及低点超压问题,以中缅原油管道怒江跨越段为例（其最大高差达1 480 m）,基于OLGA多相流瞬态模拟方法,对大落差原油管道充水过程进行仿真研究,重点分析到达管道不同低点位置的最大速度、压力及相应持液率,得到不同输量条件下不同低点位置的水流速度、压力及持液率随时间变化规律。结果表明:当输量为900~2 000 m3/h时该管道中存在的段塞流概率降低57%,同时减少了管压波动以及对管道和设备的破坏,提高了管道输送效率。     

长江干线中下游溢油应急设备点选址优化

为优化长江干线中下游溢油应急设备点选址,建立溢油应急需求水域风险评价体系,采用云模型对其评价,进而构建以加权距离最小为目标的溢油应急设备点选址模型。采用自适应差分进化算法(Adaptive Differential Evolution,ADE)对其求解。将模型应用于九江港的溢油应急设备点选址,最终解算选址于瑞昌港区及彭泽港区,此评估结果与九江港实际规划相符。     

钼冶炼行业发展循环经济探析

根据目前我国钼冶炼行业的生产现状,通过对三氧化钼的焙烧、钼铁冶炼主要生产工艺、产污环节及污染治理情况进行总结分析,重点阐述二氧化硫、烟尘和铼回收利用后的经济效益,说明环保治理可成为钼冶炼行业的经济增长点,发展钼冶炼循环经济是必然的选择。     

近20年来淮北市植被变化遥感动态监测与分析

通过遥感技术对淮北市主城区(相山建成区)18年间植被变化进行统计分析,从而得出结论,并对所得结果进行了分析。     

On the Relationship Between Mean and Variance of Soil Moisture Fields1

Abstract: The objective of this work was to explain an apparent contradiction in the literature related to the relationship between mean and variance (or standard deviation) of soil moisture fields. Some studies found an increase in soil moisture variance with decreasing mean soil moisture, while others showed a decrease. The evidence of maximum variance in the mid‐range of mean soil moisture was also reported in the literature. In this paper, we focus on the effects of spatial variability of soil texture on the relationship between variance and mean of soil moisture during soil dry‐down processes. Soil texture influences soil moisture mean and variance through its direct effects on evaporation and drainage, which are two main factors controlling soil drying. A differential equation describing soil moisture dry down is proposed and studied. Our study shows that as mean soil moisture is greater than a threshold, variance increases with decreasing mean soil moisture. If mean soil moisture is less than the threshold, variance decreases with decreasing mean soil moisture. The threshold depends on soil texture and is between the field capacity and the wilting point. The soil moisture dry‐down equation is also applied to explain the apparent contradiction with regard to the relationship between mean and variance of soil moisture fields reported in the literature.     

中国城市现代化国际化背景,主要问题及其发展趋势

在分析论证我国城市现代化国际化浪潮兴起的动力背景的基础上，对已提出现代化国际化目标的２０多个城市的市情特点、经济实力与战略举措进行初步考察，指出我国城市在现代化国际化进程中存在的主要问题，预期其发展态势。认为我国城市发展既有一定的经济基础，又遇上难得的有利时机，目标设计大多参照国际公认伯指标体系，并有分阶段措施。作为１２亿人口的大国，在下个世纪２０，３０年代或下个世纪中叶，有少数城市进入现代化国际     

Generic scenario for the impact of cooling lubricants into the hydrosphere

According to directive 93/67/EEC of the European Commission, this paper deals with the generic exposition evaluation of the environmental concentration of cooling Lubricant chemicals from the metal working industry into the hydrosphere. After considering the relevant life-cycle steps and the selection of a representative point source for the 'reasonable worst case', the emission per day Elocal(water) is determined. It leads to the predicted environmental concentration (PEClocal(water)) for the local stage in the compartment water. In order to gain the PEClocal(water) for an example--a corrosion inhibitor as additive in a cooling lubricant--, the relevant emission paths and the corresponding representative point source are described for the reasonable worst case. For non-water-miscible cooling lubricants, none of the operations in the life cycle leads to a release into the compartment water. To evaluate the hazard potential for cooling lubricant chemicals, the complete risk assessment has to be done. Also, the assessment has to be done for all high production volume chemicals, new substances and existing hazard chemicals. This means that even industrial categories like chemicals used in the textile industry or biocides and others have to be evaluated.     

三峡水库低水位运行时干流回水对支流水环境的影响

三峡水库干流回水对支流水环境的影响研究对水库支流富营养化防治及保障水库水质安全具有重要意义.通过2016年8月7～12日三峡水库低水位运行时对库区长江干流和主要支流进行采样和室内分析,初步揭示了三峡库区低水位运行时水库水体的水化学特征和研究了干流回水对主要支流水化学特征的影响.结果表明,对于EC值变化范围,干流为291～336μS·cm~(-1),支流不受干流回水影响水体为183. 7～518μS·cm~(-1),受干流回水影响水体为267～330μS·cm~(-1),接近干流.对于氢氧同位素特征δD值和δ~(18)O值分布范围,干流为-81. 60‰～-75. 16‰和-11. 57‰～-10. 26‰,支流不受干流回水影响水体为-59. 94‰～-43. 67‰和-9. 00‰～-6. 04‰,受干流回水影响水体为-77. 85‰～-50. 75‰和-11. 06‰～-7. 33‰,接近干流,与EC值和主要阴阳离子质量浓度值表现规律一致,表明干流通过回水影响支流水体组成进而影响支流的水化学特征,且支流受干流回水影响程度与支流河口距三峡大坝距离和支流自身流量大小呈负相关.支流不受干流回水影响的水体水化学特征与支流流域属性有关,人口密度大、耕地比例高的支流流域其水质较差.干流回水对水质较优的支流起污染作用,对水质较差的支流起稀释优化作用.     

某型直升机主减速器橡胶密封圈老化机理分析

目的揭示某型直升机主减速器橡胶密封圈的老化机理。方法根据直升机主减速器橡胶密封圈正常使用和库存环境条件,采用加速老化试验方法模拟橡胶密封圈在库存条件下的老化历程,采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、热重分析(TG/TGA)等方法对加速老化后的橡胶密封圈理化性能进行测试,并选取某型主减速器库存13年的橡胶密封圈及大修拆下的橡胶密封圈进行相关测试。结果 FX-4和FX-17密封胶圈在热空气老化试验过程中聚合物基团变化一致,F元素和O元素的电子结合能几乎没有变化。结论老化前后橡胶中各键的化学结构没有发生明显变化,FX-17胶料的耐温性略好于FX-4胶料。     

三姑泉域岩溶地下水分布特征及子系统识别

通过地质学、岩溶动力学、构造学、地球物理勘探、流体动力学、水文地质试验、水文地球化学及同位素分析等方法,分析了三姑泉域岩溶地下水赋存与富集规律,阐明了可溶岩与构造对岩溶地下水分布的控制;采用多种手段联合方法对三姑泉域的地下水子系统进行了识别。共划分了东丹河、丹河、高平-晋城、赵庄四个地下水子系统。每个子系统内都发育强径流带,径流带内物探结果显示低电阻率,水化学显示低TDS,同位素显示高δ~(18)O、δD值,子系统边界上则呈现了高电阻率,高TDS及低δ~(18)O、δD值的特征。多种研究方法相互印证结论一致,提高了地下水子系统识别的准确度。