Safety Management in Multiemployer Worksites in the Manufacturing Industry: Opinions on Co-Operation and Problems Encountered

Co-operation between different parties and effective safety management play an important role in ensuring safety in multiemployer worksites. This article reviews safety co-operation and factors complicating safety management in Finnish multiemployer manufacturing worksites. The paper focuses on the service providers’ opinions; however, a comparison of the customers’ views is also presented. The results show that safety-related co-operation between providers and customers is generally considered as successful but strongly dependent on the partner. Safety co-operation is provided through, e.g., training, orientation and risk analysis. Problems encountered include ensuring adequate communication, identifying hazards, co-ordinating work tasks and determining responsibilities. The providers and the customers encounter similar safety management problems. The results presented in this article can help companies to focus their efforts on the most problematic points of safety management and to avoid common pitfalls.     

Respiratory Problems of Workers in the Zarda Industry in Kolkata,India

This study was undertaken to assess the pulmonary and respiratory problems of workers in a zarda factory. A total of 70 permanent zarda workers (50 manufacturing workers and 20 office ones) were studied in a factory in Baguihati, Kolkata, India. The study included (a) completion of a questionnaire (on pulmonary and respiratory problems), (b) measurement of physical parameters, (c) spirometry and (d) measurement of peak expiratory flow rate. At the same time, the worksite was analyzed with an OSHA-recommended ergonomics checklist. Many zarda manufacturing workers complained of respiratory symptoms. Continuous exposure to the tobacco processing environment reduced the workers’ lung volume and peak expiratory flow rates. Our study indicates that zarda manufacturing workers may have respiratory and pulmonary disorders related to exposure to tobacco dust in their work environment.     

Environmental and economic aspects of production and utilization of RDF as alternative fuel in cement plants: A case study of Metro Vancouver Waste Management

Municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal and management is one of the most significant challenges faced by urban communities around the world. Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) over the years has utilized many sophisticated technologies and smart strategies. Municipalities worldwide have pursued numerous initiatives to reduce the environmental burden of the MSW treatment strategies. One of the most beneficial MSWM strategies is the thermal treatment or energy recovery to obtain cleaner renewable energy from waste. Among many waste-to-energy strategies, refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is a solid recovered fuel that can be used as a substitute for conventional fossil fuel. The scope of this study is to investigate the feasibility of RDF production with MSW generated in Metro Vancouver, for co-processing in two cement kilns in the region. This study investigates environmental impacts and benefits and economic costs and profits of RDF production. In addition, RDF utilization as an alternative fuel in cement kilns has been assessed. Cement manufacturing has been selected as one of the most environmentally challenged industries and as a potential destination for RDF to replace a portion of conventional fossil fuels with less energy-intensive fuel. A comprehensive environmental assessment is conducted using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. In addition, cost–benefit analysis (CBA) has been carried out to study the economic factors. This research confirmed that RDF production and use in cement kilns can be environmentally and economically viable solution for Metro Vancouver.     

进口废五金类加工利压定点企业管理研究

随着我国进口废物环境管理与政策的完善,进口废五金电器、废电线电缆、废电机定点加工利用企业管理逐步完善,但仍存在行业技术装备水平和管理规范性低等问题。本文详述了定点企业生产布局、生产设备、污染治理设施及管理制度的现状及存在问题,并提出相应的建议,为进1：2废五金类企业的发展提供指导依据。     

某炼厂制氢装置泄漏检测情况分析及建议

对某炼厂制氢装置的泄漏检测数据进行了统计分析,深入剖析了装置的泄漏现状,并针对性地提出了部分改进建议。     

论机械制造项目竣工环境保护验收监测

按照竣工环境保护验收监测工作流程,分别从收集技术资料、现场勘察、编制验收监测方案、现场监测和编制验收监测报告等方面分析了机械制造项目竣工环境保护验收监测应重点关注的问题。本文指出,机械制造项目竣工环境保护验收监测应重点关注问题包括:第一,收集技术资料阶段,建设项目的基本信息应以项目建成后的实际情况为准;第二,现场勘察阶段,应按照项目环评以及环评批复要求,分别从废气、废水、固废、噪声等方面进行现场检查。对于机械制造项目,重点关注焊接烟尘、打磨粉尘、油漆废气等废气处理设施,以及危险废物处置情况;第三,编制验收监测方案阶段,应注意合理确定验收监测内容和评价标准;第四,现场监测阶段,应特别注意企业生产负荷情况,对于机械制造项目可以考虑通过产品产量来考察;第五,编制验收监测报告阶段,应确保验收监测结果及分析充分反映验收监测期间环境管理检查和现场监测的实际情况。     

The influence of iron flow on iron resource efficiency in the steel manufacturing process

An iron resource efficiency is proposed to define a measure of the natural iron resources saved in the steel manufacturing process. A simplified iron flow diagram is presented for the steel manufacturing process. The influences of various deviations in iron flow from the simplified iron flow diagram on iron resource efficiency are analyzed. The relationships between iron resource efficiency of unit processes and the final product are also discussed. As an example, data from a steel plant are used to analyze the influence of iron flow on its iron resource efficiency of finial product in the steel manufacturing process, the influence of iron resource efficiency of unit process on iron resource efficiency of the final product, and give some measures to improve the iron resource efficiency of the steel manufacturing process.     

浙江省汽车整车制造行业挥发性有机物产排污系数

选取了浙江省内4家典型汽车整车制造企业进行调研,并对其中的两家企业开展了实地监测,通过分析生产工艺及其所使用的主要原辅材料,确定了该行业挥发性有机物(VOCs)的主要产生和排放环节,计算了浙江省汽车整车制造行业的挥发性有机物产生和排放系数,估算了2017年全省汽车整车制造行业的VOCs产生和排放量.结果表明,浙江省汽车整车制造业的VOCs主要产生及排放环节为涂装工序;现阶段浙江省内仅有部分汽车整车制造企业对喷漆废气进行了高效处理;除涂料外,溶剂型清洗剂也是该行业VOCs的主要来源之一.计算得出的浙江省汽车整车制造业的VOCs产生系数为0.20 t·t~(-1)、 3.92 kg·辆~(-1)和29.36 g·m~(-2),排放系数为0.13 t·t~(-1)、 2.63 kg·辆~(-1)和19.72 g·m~(-2);2017年全省汽车整车制造行业的VOCs产生量为2 425.84 t,排放量为1 627.54 t.     

电子制造业塑料件生产过程的挥发性有机物排放特征分析

选取珠三角地区典型电子制造企业,通过气袋采样及预浓缩-GC-MS/FID分析方法,获得塑料件生产过程的挥发性有机物(VOCs)浓度水平与组分特征.实验共检出包括烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、醛类、卤代烃等在内的101种VOCs组分.其中,塑料件生产过程可分为注塑成型期和塑料件加工期,塑料件加工期包括喷涂工艺和非喷涂工艺.结果表明,注塑成型期总VOCs排放浓度较塑料件加工期低,含氧VOCs(OVOCs)、烷烃是最重要的组分;塑料件加工期的喷涂工艺VOCs排放浓度普遍高于非喷涂工艺,OVOCs、卤代烃是塑料件加工期主要的VOCs组分,其中,丙酮和三氯乙烯为主要成分.与其他研究相比,本研究中卤代烃排放比例明显提高,芳香烃排放比例下降.注塑成型期臭氧生成潜势标准化反应活性系数R值比塑料件加工期高24%,其中,丙烯醛是贡献最大的物种;在塑料件加工期,喷涂工艺的R值比非喷涂工艺高31%,正己醛是最主要的臭氧贡献物种.苯系物对二次有机气溶胶(SOA)生成潜势贡献起主导作用.在臭氧控制的背景下,不仅排放浓度高的喷涂工艺需受到控制,对于标准化反应活性大的其他工艺也需关注.     

An evaluation of occupational accidents in the wooden furniture industry - A regional study in South East Asia

Studies on the rate of occupational accidents among workers in the wooden furniture industry is sparse, although the industry is deemed to be highly accident prone. Therefore, the rate of occupational accidents among workers in the wooden furniture industry in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and Vietnam were studied, in 240 furniture manufacturing factories, using a structured questionnaire. The findings of the study suggest that contract workers are less prone to occupational accidents compared to their permanent counterparts, and hence, are more productive. Further, the results also revealed that the contract workers have a more positive attitude towards the work, and hence, pick up the essentials of safe working practices quickly. It must therefore be recognized that the “production oriented mentality” prevalent in the wooden furniture industry, which has been argued to compromise occupational safety and health standards in the industry may be debatable. In this context, it is essential for the policy makers to re-examine the employment of contract workers for the furniture manufacturing industry, as changing the psycho-economic parameters of the industry may be warranted before the industry is deemed attractive to a permanent workforce.