一个中小型中药厂生产废水处理运行实例

采用“水解（预处理）－ABR（厌氧）－UNITANK（好氧）”工艺处理中成药废水,电气控制部分采用可编程PLC系统。废水站全天24h全自动连续运行,无人值守。进水CODo约2000～5000ms／L,出水水质达到GB8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准。     

浅谈小型危化品生产企业安全生产标准化建设

通过对我国小型危化品生产企业安全生产标准化现状分析,找出了这类企业存在的主要问题,并提出了改进措施建议及安全生产标准化建设的途径。     

糠醛制造业塔下废水中COD与BOD产生量的实测分析

糠醛制造业在生产过程中会产生大量高浓度废水,属重污染行业。通过实测其塔下废水中化学需氧量(COD)和生化需氧量(BOD)的产生量,并结合糠醛制造业具体工作实际进行数据分析,作者认为:塔下废水属难生化性废水;COD和BOD产生量与企业设计生产能力无直接关系;设备陈旧、管理粗放是影响COD和BOD产生量的主要因素;而从源头减少污染物的产生,是提高中国糠醛制造业活力和竞争力的关键。     

北京市制造业减污降碳协同效应分析和驱动因素

基于北京市2013～2020年制造业大气污染物和CO₂排放数据计算结果,分析了制造业排放变化特征,采用协同效应系数评估了制造业减污降碳的协同效果,并利用LMDI模型量化分析了人口规模、经济发展、产业结构、能耗强度、能源结构和排放强度对于大气污染物排放、CO₂排放以及二者综合的驱动影响程度.结果表明,北京市制造业排放总体呈下降趋势,2013～2020年,大气污染物排放减少了79.2%～92.5%,CO₂排放减少了60.3%,各项排放在“清空五年”和“蓝天三年”时期呈现不同的阶段性特征.从减污降碳协同效果来看,各项大气污染物和CO₂的协同效应系数均在0～1之间,对于大气污染物的减排作用大于CO₂.从各驱动因素影响来看,能耗强度降低和能源结构优化对于排放的负向拉动作用较大,排放强度降低对于大气污染物排放具有抑制作用;从协同减排综合驱动影响来看,能耗强度降低的协同效果最为明显,产业结构调整在“蓝天三年”时期的协同效果最佳.     

Relative Assessment of Indicators in Sustainability Enhancement (RAISE): a first approach in the manufacturing stage of products

The estimation of the sustainability performance of products requires tools to provide systematic approaches to the definition of impacts, indicators and comparative scenarios from early design stages. This paper illustrates the Relative Assessment of Indicators in Sustainability Enhancement (RAISE) methodology that is based on the measure of negative impacts generated during any product life cycle stage. This approach includes a systematic process for the definition and evaluation of indicators to compare the sustainability performance of products considering each indicator individually and using a holistic index of sustainability to entail an overall comparison between products from manufacturing scenarios. The RAISE method is developed with the aim of assessing sustainability performance of product life cycle stages and incorporating this assessment into the decision-making process when comparing different manufacturing scenarios. A guitar capo manufactured in polymeric material is used as case study to demonstrate the use of the method. In this paper, only the manufacturing stage is considered; however, the method can also be employed in other stages of the life cycle.     

剩余活性污泥制复合肥

石油化工污水处理过程中产生的剩余活性污泥处理是环保工作中的一大难题 ,通过对污泥成分、肥效的分析及对活性污泥制肥的工艺简介 ,阐明了剩余活性污泥制复合肥技术的可行性和广阔前景     

End-of-life flows of multiple cycle consumer products

Explicit expressions for the end-of-life flows (EOL) of single and multiple cycle products (MCPs) are presented, including deterministic and stochastic EOL exit. The expressions are given in terms of the physical parameters (maximum lifetime, T, annual cycling frequency, f, number of cycles, N, and early discard or usage loss). EOL flows are also obtained for hi-tech products, which are rapidly renewed and thus may not attain steady state (e.g. electronic products, passenger cars). A ten-step recursive procedure for obtaining the dynamic EOL flow evolution is proposed. Applications of the EOL expressions and the ten-step procedure are given for electric household appliances, industrial machinery, tyres, vehicles and buildings, both for deterministic and stochastic EOL exit, (normal, Weibull and uniform exit distributions). The effect of the physical parameters and the stochastic characteristics on the EOL flow is investigated in the examples: it is shown that the EOL flow profile is determined primarily by the early discard dynamics; it also depends strongly on longevity and cycling frequency: higher lifetime or early discard/loss imply lower dynamic and steady state EOL flows. The stochastic exit shapes the overall EOL dynamic profile: Under symmetric EOL exit distribution, as the variance of the distribution increases (uniform to normal to deterministic) the initial EOL flow rise becomes steeper but the steady state or maximum EOL flow level is lower. The steepest EOL flow profile, featuring the highest steady state or maximum level, as well, corresponds to skew, earlier shifted EOL exit (e.g. Weibull). Since the EOL flow of returned products consists the sink of the reuse/remanufacturing cycle (sink to recycle) the results may be used in closed loop product lifecycle management operations for scheduling and sizing reverse manufacturing and for planning recycle logistics. Decoupling and quantification of both the full age EOL and of the early discard flows is useful, the latter being the target of enacted legislation aiming at increasing reuse.     

汽车制造业职业危害与防护措施评价研究

对汽车制造企业作业场所各项职业病危害因素进行辨识、分析,评价现有防护措施,并提出相应对策.依据国家相关标准,对现有汽车制造企业作业场所岗位职业危害因素进行检测和评价.涂装、冲压、焊装车间是职业危害因素相对集中的作业场所,而噪声、苯系物和电焊烟尘是主要的职业危害因素,防护措施是控制职业危害的关键.汽车制造职业危害必须通过多种措施进行预防和控制.     

探讨汽车制造、锅炉排污许可申请的问题与对策

2019年全面启动了汽车制造行业、锅炉行业排污许可证的申请与核发,在申请过程中出现诸多问题,应完善污染物排放标准体系,做到环境影响评价、污染物排放标准与排污许可有效衔接。为此,在文中通过对相关文件的查阅与分析,对当前汽车制造行业、锅炉两个行业排污许可证申请与核发进行分析。在此基础上,提出了环评与排污许可衔接的建议。为环评与排污许可的衔接提供借鉴。     

酵母菌处理系统中氮缺乏引起的污泥膨胀控制

研究了酵母菌处理色拉油加工废水系统中投加氮源对处理效果的影响及对污泥膨胀的恢复作用批量实验结果表明:①添加氮源有助于提高去除效果,碳氮比(COD/N)为50/1～20/1的条件下,油去除率最高,达90%以上;②添加氮源能够改善污泥沉降性,COD/N比为50/1、20/1时污泥沉降性明显优于100/1、200/1和不加氮的条件.连续试验中按COD/N为20/1添加氮源,污泥体积指数(SVI)稳定在100～200,油和COD去除率分别达95%和90%以上.氮缺乏色拉油加工废水中添加氮源是控制污泥膨胀的有效方法之一.