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111.
1IntroductionBohai is the only inland sea in China.It has the highest resource density of all the fourcontinental seas in China.Since the end of the1 970 's,the marine economy around Bohai has seengreat development and the growth rate of the marine industry is up to 2 0 % .It is much higherthan the growth rate of the GDP of this region.The marine economy has greatly contributed tothe development of the economy and society around Bohai.However,since Bohai is an inlandsea,it has the natural … 相似文献
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通过微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积可以将松散土颗粒胶结成整体从而达到加固目的。胶结液的注入轮数和每轮使用的胶结液体积会影响加固效果,但目前关于这方面的研究还不充分。以海相粉土为处理对象,通过室内试验来研究胶结液的注入轮数和体积对加固效果的影响。改变胶结液注入轮数的试验结果表明:随着注入轮数的增加,试样中沉积生成的碳酸钙逐渐增多,碳酸钙的分布比较均匀,加固后的无侧限抗压强度逐渐提高;但当胶结液的注入达到一定轮数后,强度的增长幅度逐渐减缓。改变每轮胶结液体积用量的试验结果表明:胶结液体积的增加会带来碳酸钙数量的增加和强度的提高,但当胶结液体积从1.5Vv(孔隙体积)增加至2Vv后,效果改善不明显。从钙离子用量与无侧限抗压强度的关系也表明,每轮注入的胶结液体积应选择1.5Vv。 相似文献
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Cyril Bennouna Elburg van Boetzelaer Lina Rojas Kinyera Richard Gang Karume Marius Nshombo Leslie Roberts Neil Boothby 《Disasters》2018,42(2):314-335
The United Nations' Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism is charged with documenting six grave violations against children in a time of conflict, including attacks on schools. Many of these incidents, however, remain unreported across the globe. This study explores whether or not a local knowledge base of education and child protection actors in North and South Kivu Provinces, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in Mogadishu, Somalia, could contribute to a more complete record of attacks on education in those areas. Hundreds of semi‐structured interviews were conducted with key informants across the three settings, and in total 432 attacks on education were documented. Purposive samples of these reports were verified and a large majority was confirmed. Local non‐governmental organisations and education institutions were most knowledgeable about these incidents, but most never reported them to a monitoring authority. The study concludes that attack surveillance and response were largely insufficient, and recommends investing in mechanisms that utilise local knowledge to address these shortcomings. 相似文献
116.
In areas of war and armed conflict it is difficult to get trustworthy and coherent information. Civil society and human rights groups often face problems of dealing with fragmented witness reports, disinformation of war propaganda, and difficult direct access to these areas. Turkish Kurdistan was used as a case study of armed conflict to evaluate the potential use of satellite images for verification of witness reports collected by human rights groups. The Turkish army was reported to be burning forests, fields and villages as a strategy in the conflict against guerrilla uprising. This paper concludes that satellite images are useful to validate witness reports of forest fires. Even though the use of this technology for human rights groups will depend on some feasibility factors such as prices, access and expertise, the images proved to be key for analysis of spatial aspects of conflict and valuable for reconstructing a more trustworthy picture. 相似文献
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海洋沉积物中的天然气水合物与海底滑坡 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
天然气水合物是一种由天然气和水形成的类似冰状的固体物质 ,主要存在于在低温高压背景下的海底沉积物和陆地永久冻土地带中。赋存于海底沉积物中的天然气水合物虽然本身能作为准稳定的胶结物对海底有建造作用 ,但由于其稳定性对特定温度和压力的严格依赖 ,海平面的下降、海底的连续沉积、地震等自然因素以及海洋钻探等人为因素造成的海底温压条件的改变会引起其分解 ,从而使海底沉积物失稳甚至导致海底滑坡。本文详细介绍了海底天然气水合物分解导致滑坡的机制、实例以及该种海底滑坡体的特征 ,并对以后的研究进行了展望 相似文献
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Iratxe Menchaca José Germán Rodríguez Ángel Borja María Jesús Belzunce-Segarra Javier Franco Joxe Mikel Garmendia 《Chemistry and Ecology》2014,30(8):693-700
Marine regional Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQG) for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from the Basque coast (SE Bay of Biscay) were determined, on the basis of sediment chemistry, toxicity and benthic community disturbance from analysis of 756 estuarine and coastal samples. The SQG were calculated using a percentile approach (based upon effect and non-effect data), using non-normalised and normalised concentration, by total organic carbon. However, normalisation by total organic carbon did not result in any improvement in accuracy compared with non-normalised values. Hence, this study proposes non-normalised SQG values for assessment of the chemical and physicochemical status in marine waters in the Basque Country, within the Water Framework Directive: 24.6–29 μg kg?1 for total PCBs; 164–285 μg kg?1 for low molecular weight PAH; 922–1537 μg kg?1 for high molecular weight PAH; and 1607–2617 μg kg?1 for total PAH. 相似文献
119.
The establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) is a critical step in ensuring the continued persistence of marine biodiversity. Although the area protected in MPAs is growing, the movement of individuals (or larvae) among MPAs, termed connectivity, has only recently been included as an objective of many MPAs. As such, assessing connectivity is often neglected or oversimplified in the planning process. For promoting population persistence, it is important to ensure that protected areas in a system are functionally connected through dispersal or adult movement. We devised a multi-species model of larval dispersal for the Australian marine environment to evaluate how much local scale connectivity is protected in MPAs and determine whether the extensive system of MPAs truly functions as a network. We focused on non-migratory species with simplified larval behaviors (i.e., passive larval dispersal) (e.g., no explicit vertical migration) as an illustration. Of all the MPAs analyzed (approximately 2.7 million km2), outside the Great Barrier Reef and Ningaloo Reef, <50% of MPAs (46-80% of total MPA area depending on the species considered) were functionally connected. Our results suggest that Australia's MPA system cannot be referred to as a single network, but rather a collection of numerous smaller networks delineated by natural breaks in the connectivity of reef habitat. Depending on the dispersal capacity of the taxa of interest, there may be between 25 and 47 individual ecological networks distributed across the Australian marine environment. The need to first assess the underlying natural connectivity of a study system prior to implementing new MPAs represents a key research priority for strategically enlarging MPA networks. Our findings highlight the benefits of integrating multi-species connectivity into conservation planning to identify opportunities to better incorporate connectivity into the design of MPA systems and thus to increase their capacity to support long-term, sustainable biodiversity outcomes. 相似文献
120.
Michael Stat Jeffrey John Joseph D. DiBattista Stephen J. Newman Michael Bunce Euan S. Harvey 《Conservation biology》2019,33(1):196-205
Monitoring communities of fish is important for the management and sustainability of fisheries and marine ecosystems. Baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVs) are among the most effective nondestructive techniques for sampling bony fishes and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays, and skates). However, BRUVs sample visually conspicuous biota; hence, some taxa are undersampled or not recorded at all. We compared the diversity of fishes characterized using BRUVs with diversity detected via environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. We sampled seawater and captured BRUVs imagery at 48 locales that included reef and seagrass beds inside and outside a marine reserve (Jurien Bay in Western Australia). Eighty-two fish genera from 13 orders were detected, and the community of fishes described using eDNA and BRUVs combined yielded >30% more generic richness than when either method was used alone. Rather than detecting a homogenous genetic signature, the eDNA assemblages mirrored the BRUVs’ spatial explicitness; differentiation of taxa between seagrass and reef was clear despite the relatively small geographical scale of the study site (∼35 km2). Taxa that were not sampled by one approach, due to limitations and biases intrinsic to the method, were often detected with the other. Therefore, using BRUVs and eDNA in concert provides a more holistic view of vertebrate marine communities across habitats. Both methods are noninvasive, which enhances their potential for widespread implementation in the surveillance of marine ecosystems. 相似文献