Bioavailability of bound residue derived from 14C-labeled chlorsulfuron in soil and its mechanism of phytotoxicity

The bioavailability of bound residue(BR) derived from ^14C-labeled chlorsulfuron in soil and effect of the main components of the BR on growth of rape( brassica napus) and rice( Oryza sativa L. ) were investigated. The results showed that the BR with the concentration of 0.28 and 0.56 nmol/g air-dried soil, which was calculated by special radioactivity of ^14C-labeled chlorsulfuron parent compound, resulted in significant depression effect on growth of rape seedling. It was assured that the main components(2-amino-4-methoxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-amino-4-hydroxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, and 2-chloro-benzenesul-fonamide) of the BR did not inhibit the growth of rape and rice. LC-MS analysis demonstrated that the parent compound previously bound to the soil matrix could be again released and transformed into methanol-extractable residue during the course of rape growth. It was concluded that the molecular leading to the phytotoxicity to rape and rice in the BR is still the parent compound.     

Photodegradation mechanism of two dyes: the influence of adsorption behavior on the novel TiO2 particles

The relationship between adsorption behavior and photocatalytic mechanism of the two dyes was investigated. Adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption of cationic pink FG was Langmuir type behavior, while the reactive brilliant red k-2G was Freundlich type behavior. The increasing pH favored the adsorption of FG but have little effect on the photodegradation. The increasing pH favored the adsorption and the photodegradation of k-2G. The presence of scavenger of hvb^ and OH. radical potassium iodide inhibited the degradation of k-2G, free radicals scavenger tetranitromethane inhibited the photodegradation of FG. These results indicated that the photodegradation of FG mainly via free radicals in solution, and the photodegradation of k-2G was mainly on the catalysts surface or near the interface of solid and solution by react with hvb^ and surface-bound OH.. The different effect of SO4^2- , HCO3^- on the adsorption and photodegradation of two dyes confirmed these results.     

Can Forest-protection carbon projects improve rural livelihoods? Analysis of the Noel Kempff Mercado climate action project,Bolivia

We studied the Noel KempffMercado Climate Action Project (NKMCAP),Bolivia, to assess whether forestprotection carbon (C) projects cansignificantly benefit local people. Wehypothesized that forest protection canonly securely deliver C if significantstakeholders are meaningfully andtransparently involved, traditional orcustomary rights are recognized and theirloss compensated for, and there are directlinkages between conservation anddevelopment objective. Our researchfocused on 53 members of the communities ofFlorida, Porvenir and Piso Firme and 36secondary stakeholders. In each of thevillages we held half-day meetings withcommunity leaders, complemented bysemi-structured one-hour interviews with 5,10, and 7 families, representing 20%, 10%and 8% of each community. The long-termimpact of the NKMCAP on the localcommunities may well be positive. However,in the short run, certain sections of thelocal communities are financially poorer. Forest protection projects clearly have thepotential to sequester C, protectbiodiversity and simultaneously contributeto sustainable rural development, but ifthey really are to improve rurallivelihoods, they must be designed andimplemented carefully and participatively.     

区域土地利用变化的物质代谢响应初步研究

文章在描述相关研究进展的基础上,认为在物质资源不断减少的情形下,物质代谢效率提高对于人类社会发展具有更为重要的意义。并在此基础上,分析了土地利用方式、土地利用强度、土地利用布局等土地利用变化过程对于物质代谢变化的影响机理。以江苏省为例进行实证分析,构建区域土地利用变化的物质代谢驱动力模型。结果表明,随着1989年以来江苏省土地利用强度的不断提高,物质代谢通量快速增长。土地利用强度越高,物质代谢通量值越大,土地利用强度提高10%,则物质代谢通量将提高5.62%,因此,资源利用量与污染物排放量越多,带来的环境冲击也就越大;但土地利用强度越高,物质代谢效率值就越小,土地利用强度每提高10%,物质代谢效率就提高5.03%,因而单位GD P的资源利用量与污染物排放量也就越少。虽然物质代谢效率在提高,但是物质资源日益稀缺,物质代谢效率需进一步提升。最后提出了区域土地利用变化物质代谢效应响应的研究方向。     

重金属废水的生物吸附研究进展

生物吸附处理重金属废水是目前国内外研究较多的一种处理重金属废水的方法.本文综述了目前生物吸附重金属的理论研究成果,其中包括生物吸附原料、吸附机理、平衡吸附模式和一些影响因素,提出了生物吸附应用前景和研究重点.     

预应力管桩的工作机理及其在基坑支护中的应用

分析了预应力管桩受力破坏的机理和单桩承载力提高的原因,以及预应力管桩作为基坑支护桩的受力特性,并以武汉南国置业有限公司高层公寓综合楼为工程实例,进一步阐明采用预应力管桩作为基坑竖向加固桩,具有明显的经济效益。     

An approach to the fluctuation mechanism of ecotone

In this paper,the relationship among land productivity,population pressure and the fluctuation mechanism of ecotone is analyzed,taking coumties and banners of southeast Inner Mongolia plateau as an example,which is the most fragile part in the farming and husbandry interleaving belt of north China due to its severe desertification degree and low level of economic development.The Cv for the total output value of agriculture decreases from southeast to northwest,with the same rule as which the overloading population cumulated distributes,and both indicators have close relation with the high linear coefficient of 0.83.These reveal the fluctuation mechanism for ecotone:fluctuation of the level of economic development is a scientific and practical measure both to weakness degree and to instability of ecotone,because it is a synthesized response to the variation of climate as well as irrational land uses,which reinforce and magnify the fluctuation.In detail,the heavier the population overloading,the severer the grassland reclamation,the stronger the dependence of regional productivity on rainfall,the lower the level of economic development,the rougher the fluctuation of ecotone,but the weaker the PRED system.     

我国现阶段应采取的节水措施

文中提及我国现阶段节水工作要从提高新水资源利用率入手，在进行节水宣传教育的同时，建立能动的节水机制，充分利用宝贵的降水资源，发挥可利用新水资源最大的效率，为我国未来经济社会的发展创造有利的条件。     

磁化荷电水雾最佳降尘参数确定实验研究*

为实现对煤尘的有效防控,进一步提高磁化水降尘性能,提出磁化荷电喷雾降尘技术,通过研究液滴在磁化、荷电情况下的受力,揭示磁化荷电喷雾降尘机理;通过自主搭建的动、静态综合除尘实验平台,研究不同磁化强度、荷电电压下溶液表面张力和雾滴粒径的变化规律,进而确定最佳雾化参数。研究结果表明:磁化荷电后的溶液表面张力和雾滴粒径随磁化强度、荷电电压的增大呈现先下降而后上升,最后趋于平稳。荷电电压为9 kV、磁化强度为350 mT时达到最佳效果,此时,与清水相比全尘降尘效率达到92.79%、提高69.63%,呼尘降尘效率达到78.59%、提高94.01%。磁化荷电的溶液表面张力降低,破碎时所做表面功更小,雾化后液滴粒径更小更均匀,与尘粒接触面积增大,可提高捕尘效率,改善矿井环境。     

O3氧化结合化学吸收同时脱硫脱硝的动力学及热力学研究

构建了O3氧化多种污染物的反应机制,并对O3氧化SOx、NOx过程进行动力学模拟,然后利用热力学原理计算出Ca(OH)2和CaCO3湿法烟气同时脱硫脱硝吸收反应达到平衡时SOx和NOx的分压力.结果表明,Ca(OH)2作吸收剂湿法烟气同时脱硫脱硝比CaCO3作吸收剂效果好,而且两者几乎100％地去除烟气中的SOx和NO...