地方环境约束目标对经济增长的影响效应

从2003~2017年中国283个地级市的政府工作报告中,收集了各年度各城市的环境保护约束目标,考察了各类环境约束目标对经济增长的影响.研究发现,对于SO₂等工业污染物的直接约束能够在促使政府提升环境治理力度的同时,释放经济增长红利;关于空气质量优良天数和PM_2.5浓度的间接约束不足以刺激污染型企业转型,且导致经济增长速度放缓.无环境约束将产生正向经济增长效应,但会以环境污染为代价.中间机制检验结果显示,产业结构和环境治理是环境约束影响经济增长的主要传导渠道.在环境保护约束的特征方面,约束目标“加码”将抑制经济增长,设定污染物减排区间更有利于发挥经济增长效应.经济与环境协调度方面,对环境污染物设定约束目标有助于促进经济与环境协调发展,无约束则不利于经济增长和环境保护双重目标的实现.地方政府应在明确设定污染物排放目标的基础上,遵循渐进原则对环境保护约束目标进行调整.     

基于可拓评价的园区循环经济发展水平分析——以白银高新技术产业开发区为例

以影响园区循环经济发展水平因素为视角,运用可拓思想构建了白银高新技术产业开发区循环经济发展水平评价模型.利用该模型对园区过去4年的循环经济发展水平进行纵向评估,并对规划年份（2016年）园区循环经济发展水平进行动态预测.研究结果表明,白银高新技术产业开发区2006-2013年园区循环经济发展水平从“弱”到“中等”再到“较强”状态,呈现逐渐好转的趋势,但均处于“强”状态之下.2016年达到“强”状态,但存在工业固体废物和工业废水排放控制差等短板因素.     

低成本海水淡化集成技术探讨

海水淡化集成技术以低温多效蒸馏海水淡化为核心,联合热电与盐碱化工,形成"热-电-水-盐"四联产模式,实现淡水资源、海水资源以及能源的综合利用,大幅降低生产成本,并取得环保效益、社会效益。为未来向城市供水提供了一条现实可行的方案。     

甘肃省自然灾害及其防治对策

本文就甘肃省自然灾害的类型、分布、成因及其对社会经济的影响进行了分析研究,并提出了防治对策。     

Environmental,economic and social costs and benefits of a packaging waste management system: A Portuguese case study

The impact of the management of packaging waste on the environment, economic growth and job creation is analyzed in this paper. This integrated assessment intends to cover a gap in the literature for this type of studies, using the specific case study of the Portuguese packaging waste management system (SIGRE).The net environmental benefits associated with the management of packaging waste, are calculated using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology. The results show that, for the categories studied, the impacts associated to SIGRE's various activities are surpassed by the benefits associated to material and energy recovery, with special focus on recycling. For example, in 2011 SIGRE avoided the emission of 116 kt CO₂ equiv. – the equivalent carbon emission of the electricity consumption of 124.000 households in Portugal.The economic impact of SIGRE is evaluated through Input–Output Analysis. It was found that SIGRE's activities also have a significant economic impact. For example, their added value are ranked amongst the upper third of the economic activities with highest multiplier effect at national level: this means that for each Euro of value added generated within SIGRE, 1.25 additional € are added to the rest of the economy (multiplier effect of 2.25).Regarding the social impacts of SIGRE, the number of direct jobs associated with the system is estimated to be more than two thousand and three hundred workers. Out of these, 83% are connected to the management of municipal waste packaging (selective collection and sorting), 15% are connected to the management of non-municipal packaging waste and only 2% are connected to the Sociedade Ponto Verde (SPV, green dot society in English) – the management entity responsible for SIGRE.In general terms, the results obtained provide quantitative support to the EEA (2011) suggestion that moving up the waste hierarchy – from landfilling to recycling – creates jobs and boosts the economy.     

An exploration of firms’ awareness and behavior of developing circular economy: An empirical research in China

Despite the wealth of information concerning environmental awareness and the behavior of firms, there is little empirical research on the awareness and behavior of firms in developing the circular economy. The study employed a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews with 157 firms from manufacturing clusters in China. Results indicated that the firms had a relatively good understanding about the circular economy and its values and had a strong willingness to operate a circular economy, but this was not indicative of enthusiastic behavior. A striking “gap” existed between a firm's awareness and its actual behavior in developing a circular economy. Reasons for the gap are explored mainly based on the results of interviews. Finally, recommendations for overcoming the gap between the awareness and behavior are suggested.     

中国省域低碳经济发展水平及其空间过程评价

大气温室气体浓度日益攀升,极端气候现象频发,引发了全球对低碳经济的研究和实践.中国在应对气候变化和推进温室气体减排方面发挥着重要作用,走低碳发展之路是一条科学发展之路.为全面认识低碳经济,该文针对低碳经济的内涵,设计了低碳经济发展水平评价指标体系,并采用层次分析法对2007年我国省域低碳经济发展水平进行了综合评价.结果显示:①不同省份低碳经济发展水平存在较大差异,总体呈“东高西低”、“南高北低”、“局部跳跃”的格局;②不同省份低碳发展水平具有明显的阶段性,整体呈逐步增加的趋势;③低碳经济发展水平差异化的原因是能源分布、能源利用、发展水平、地理环境、消费观念、消费模式等多种因素综合作用的结果.基于此,今后我国在保持经济持续快速发展的同时,要逐步加强低碳排放的管理、控制和引导,通过转变经济发展模式、加大科技投入、引导消费行为、优化能源结构、增加碳汇资源,来增强低碳经济发展能力.     

工业经济发展的资源环境效率评价方法与实证——以广东和广西为例

工业生产是人类主要的经济活动,资源投入与效益产出、污染排放的相互关系决定了工业生产的资源环境效率。论文设计了工业经济发展的资源环境效率评价方法,即TOPSIS模型和DEA的SBM模型,通过TOPSIS模型对资源投入、经济效益和污染排放分别进行指标集成和综合考察,SBM模型将环境污染作为非期望产出纳入评价模型而考察各空间决策单元的工业生产效率。SBM模型的实证分析表明:两广地区形成工业发展有效率和无效率两大集群,广东的珠江三角洲、粤北、粤东与粤西南沿海地市和广西的桂西、桂西南地市多为有效率,而桂东、桂北及粤西北地市多为无效率并连续分布成面;工业无效率主要源于资源过度消耗和非期望产出,两广在减排工业废水、废气和降低资源和能源消耗方面有很大的改善潜力。     

中国低碳经济发展的渐进式路径

在对国际低碳经济发展的路径类型及其演进过程深入考察的基础上,基于现实利益和基本国情对中国低碳发展的渐进式路径进行了论证,并顺应低碳经济发展的趋势,创造性地提出了我国低碳发展的五步走战略,明确了渐进式低碳发展的路线图。     

全球碳捕集与封存发展现状及未来趋势

温室气体过量排放严重威胁着人类的生存和发展,但是现有二氧化碳捕集与封存技术不成熟导致各国对温室气体减排技术的选择、开发和应用都非常慎重。从燃烧前、富氧燃烧、燃烧后捕集技术和封存技术介绍全球二氧化碳捕集与封存技术发展现状及示范项目实施情况。针对传统二氧化碳捕集与封存技术的不足,介绍了目前最具发展潜能的新兴的二氧化碳捕集与封存技术。