提高材料利用率的有效途径

从运用数冲编程技巧、改进加工方案和改进结构设计三方面阐述了提高利用率的方法。     

Monitoring total suspended solids by using nephelometry

Correlation curves were developed relating nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) with total suspended solids (TSS) for diked upland dredged material placement site effluents of three US Army Corps of Engineers (COE) maintenance dredging projects in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. The procedure was developed in an effort to ensure compliance with Maryland's 400 milligrams per liter (mg/l) TSS standard for COE dredging projects. Samples of the sediments to be dredged were collected and analyzed, correlating turbidity readings with TSS determined by standard gravimetric techniques. The correlation curves were provided to the COE inspectors to measure the effluent with a turbidity meter and to extract a TSS concentration from the correlation curve. Samples collected and analyzed after initiation of the dredging indicated that the correlation curves were an overestimate of the actual TSS concentrations of the effluent discharges. The procedure, endorsed by the State of Maryland, provided immediate on-site TSS analysis eliminating the previously encountered delays in obtaining gravimetric analysis of effluent discharges and potential contract management problems.     

“最小存活种群”和“种群生存力分析”理论在生物多样性评价中的应用——以黔北20万吨/年竹浆林一体化工程中原料林基地建设工程为例

概述了“最小存活种群”和“种群生存力分析”概念、产生过程、研究内容及在生物多样性保护中的应用步骤,并运用该理论,以敏感种豹为关键种,分析了黔北新建20万吨/年竹浆林一体化工程中原料林基地建设工程对拟建项目区生物多样性的影响。分析结果表明,如原料林基地远离豹的栖息地,则栖息地面积尚可满足对豹短期保护（50代）的要求。因此,原料林基地的建设对绝大多数野生动物的影响不大,项目区的生物多样性是可以维持的。     

粉煤灰基质滤料对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附研究

通过静态吸附试验,研究了粉煤灰基质滤料对Cr（VI）的吸附性能,探讨了吸附时间、温度、pH值、初始浓度等对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,当滤料用量为200 g/L,溶液pH=3,初始浓度为20 mg/L,温度为30℃,转速为180 r/min的条件下振荡90 min,Cr（VI）的去除率可达到93%以上。粉煤灰基质滤料对Cr（VI）具有良好的吸附能力,吸附过程符合二级吸附动力学模型。     

关于台州齐合天地金属有限公司的调查报告

台州齐合天地金属有限公司是全国资源再生的典型,他们不仅通过解决二次污染、技术升级、延伸产业链等,在发展循环经济方面做出了较大的成绩,而且也体现出对员工的人文关怀和回馈社会。但社会上仍存在不重视循环经济、废旧家电回收不规范、缺少远景规划和扶持力度不够、园区容量小、法律建设滞后等问题。要解决上述问题应加强循环经济相关法律、法规和政策的制定;开展宣传教育,营造良好氛围;搞好远景规划,提高扶持力度：加强行业协会作用。     

金属纤维织物的屏波原理及其研究现状

以电磁辐射的危害及防护为切入点,介绍了金属纤维及其织物的屏蔽机理,阐述了其制备工艺、屏蔽效能的检测技术和主要影响因素,并对金属纤维屏蔽织物的进一步发展进行了展望。     

木质素基吸附材料的制备及其吸附性能研究

以木质素磺酸盐为原料,利用反相悬浮聚合技术,成功制备木质素基吸附材料,并研究了交联剂用量、分散剂用量、聚合温度、聚合时间及体系酸度等对悬浮聚合反应及其阳离子染料亚甲基蓝吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明,所制备的吸附材料对亚甲基蓝有较快的吸附速度和较高的吸附量,当木质素吸附材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附量达到17.71mg/g后,吸附趋向饱和,温度保持在30℃左右有较高的吸附量。     

基于能值分析的城市物质代谢研究

采用能值分析方法,构建了基于城市物质代谢通量指标、代谢存量指标和代谢效率指标的城市物质代谢指标体系,并以北京、天津、上海和重庆四个直辖市为例计算了2005年四城市物质代谢状况。分析结果表明:北京市代谢效率最低;上海市代谢通量和代谢存量最大,但是代谢效率不容乐观;重庆市代谢通量和代谢存量在四个城市中居于末位,但是代谢效率最高;天津市在四个城市中代谢呈中等水平。最后根据分析结果对城市今后的可持续发展提出了意见和建议。     

Using retro-reflective cloth to enhance drivers’ judgment of pedestrian walking direction at night-time

Purpose: Fatal pedestrian collisions are over-represented at night and poor conspicuity is believed to be a leading causative factor. Retro-reflective clothing enhances pedestrian conspicuity, particularly when placed in a biological motion or “biomotion” configuration. In this study, we explored how various retro-reflective clothing configurations affected the ability to judge the direction of a pedestrian walking across the road, which has important implications for collision avoidance. Methods: Participants included 21 young drivers (mean age 21.6 ± 2.0 years) with normal vision. A closed-road circuit was used to assess the accuracy of drivers’ judgement of the direction of walking of a pedestrian at night-time wearing one of five different clothing configurations: four with retro-reflective materials placed in different locations (Biomotion, Legs + Torso, Torso Only, Legs Only), and a control wearing only black clothing (Street). Participants were seated in a stationary vehicle with low beam headlamps, 135 m from a pedestrian, who walked across the road from both sides, in different directions (towards the car, straight across the road, or away from the car). Outcome measures included drivers’ response accuracy and confidence ratings for judging pedestrian walking direction. Results: Accuracy in judging pedestrian walking direction differed significantly across the clothing configurations (p < 0.001). Response accuracy was significantly higher for the Biomotion configuration (80% correct), compared to the other retro-reflective (Legs + Torso 64%; Torso Only 53%; Legs Only 50%) and Street configurations (33%). Similar trends were noted for confidence ratings across the clothing conditions, yet the relationship between confidence ratings and response accuracy within each clothing configurations was poor. Conclusions: The use of retro-reflective clothing in a biomotion configuration facilitated the highest accuracy and confidence in drivers’ judgment of pedestrian walking direction, compared to other configurations. These findings highlight the importance of using biomotion clothing for pedestrians at night, to not only facilitate drivers’ earlier recognition of pedestrians, but also increase their accuracy in determining the walking direction of pedestrians as they cross the road. Practical applications: The use of clothing incorporating retro-reflective material in a biomotion configuration for pedestrians crossing roads at night provides enhanced cues for drivers regarding the presence and walking direction of pedestrians.     

常态化疫情防控背景下区域应急医疗物资选址-分配模型*

在常态化疫情防控背景下,为避免本土病例造成区域不同需求主体防护物资短缺问题,构建最小化医院物资集散点需求未满足率加权和、最大化物资购买集中点分配公平性的储备库选址-分配模型,并基于某市相关数据,利用改进的非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）进行仿真研究。结果表明:某市应选择储备库数目为5,在物资分配时考虑物资防护等级要求,可减少医院物资集散点物资浪费,增加物资购买集中点获得量。