广义物质循环模型及对循环经济的政策内涵

在传统经济增长模式下。我国资源开采、生产、消费及消费末端各个环节的环境问题都十分突出。然而传统的物质循环并不能从根本上解决我国经济增长与生态环境之间的矛盾。在总结传统物质循环的特点与局限性的基础之上。提出了旨在提高经济系统全过程资源效率与环境绩效的广义物质循环的概念及理论模型；剖析了广义物质循环的资源与环境政策内涵，并据此提出我国资源环境的生命周期政策途径；最后以广义物质循环的内涵及基本原则为指导。深入探讨了我国循环经济发展的资源政策与环境政策。本文认为。建立与发展以广义物质循环为核心的循环经济增长模式。是我国实现经济与环境持续协调发展的根本途径。     

NO和SO_2对PPS滤料的影响

研究PPS滤料的劣化性能具有十分重要的意义。建立了一种新的滤料劣化测试方法,用来测试滤料在腐蚀性气体的气氛下的劣化性能。将PPS滤料分别置于200℃1000ppmNO和200℃1000ppmSO2的气氛条件下进行测试。结果表明,在NO的气氛条件下,PPS滤料的经向和纬向强度均出现先增加后降低的趋势,经向和纬向伸长率出现缓慢下降的趋势;在SO2的气氛条件下,PPS滤料的经向和纬向强度均出现先增加后降低的趋势,经向和纬向伸长率出现缓慢下降的趋势。     

碳纤维含量对球形非金属阻隔防爆材料防爆性能的影响

在临界起爆能和高起爆能条件下,对装填碳纤维含量分别为6.5%、8.0%、9.5%和 11.0%球形非金属阻隔防爆材料的油箱进行等效静爆试验,探究球形非金属阻隔防爆材 料中碳纤维含量对其防爆性能的影响。利用红外热成像仪、高速摄像机分别记录油箱爆 炸火球的温度场参数及爆炸过程,并与未填装阻隔防爆材料的油箱进行对比。试验结果 表明:在临界起爆能条件下,装填4种材料的油箱均有一定阻燃防爆效果,油箱爆炸产 生的燃料云团面积有依次减小的趋势;在高起爆能量条件下,4种材料的外场防爆性能 分数分别为16.93、22.04、32.51、94.18,材料的防爆能力随着碳纤维含量的增加而增 强。     

引气剂和聚丙烯纤维对高水材料性质的影响研究

为了改变高水材料的破坏特点,采用引气剂和聚丙烯纤维双掺对其进行改性。试验结果表明:随着引气剂掺量的增加,浆体的流动性逐渐降低,混合浆液失流时间延长,试块密度和单轴抗压强度逐渐减小;聚丙烯纤维的掺入,对浆体流动性、失流时间、引气率影响均较小。聚丙烯纤维最佳掺量为2 kg/m3,引气剂和聚丙烯纤维的掺入使硬化体的弹性模量略有减小,且使试块由脆性破坏转变为延性破坏,在保持整体不散的情况下,提高其压缩量。SEM观察表明:钙矾石在气泡壁上集中生成,聚丙烯纤维与基体的界面处有利于针状钙矾石的生成,从而使聚丙烯纤维更好地发挥增强增韧的作用。     

Using crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol polymer membrane as a separator in the microbial fuel cell

Separator between anode and cathode is an essential part of the microbial fuel cell （MFC） and its property could significantly influence the system perfor- mance. In this study we used polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） polymer membrane crosslinked with sulfosuccinic acid （SSA） as a new separator for the MFC. The highest power density of 7594-4 mW-m-2 was obtained when MFC using the PVA membrane crosslinked with 15% of SSA due to its desirable proton conductivity （5.16 x 10-2 S.cml）. The power density significantly increased to 11064- 30 mW.m-2 with a separator-electrode-assembly config- uration, which was comparable with glass fiber （11704- 46 mW.m-2）. The coulombic efficiencies of the MFCs with crosslinked PVA membranes ranged from 36.3% to 45.7% at a fix external resistance of lO00f2. The crosslinked PVA membrane could be a promising alter- native to separator materials for constructing practical MFC system.     

Moving towards sustainable development: rhetoric,policy and reality of ecological agriculture in China

Past decades have witnessed the rise of sustainable agriculture movements throughout the world. In parallel with this international trend, ecological agriculture (with essential goals of food security, rural employment, poverty alleviation, natural resource management and environmental protection) has been advocated as a workable approach for the realization of sustainable agriculture in China. Two decades of ecological agricultural development have shown that it not only gained legitimacy at the senior policy level but also became a focus of scientific research in fields such as ecological economics, ecology, and agricultural and environmental sciences. However, this endeavour is hardly known in the West and little attention has been paid so far to examining the broader politico-economic and sociocultural contexts within which it has evolved. This paper attempts to provide a general review of the emerging background, development history, policy initiatives and recent tendencies of ecological agriculture. In addition, the extant problems and potential contributions of this alternative practice to China's sustainable agricultural development are discussed. The purpose of this study is to identify the gap between the policy rhetoric and practical implementation of Chinese ecological agriculture and therefore to facilitate its moving towards sustainable development.     

防尘口罩结构/材料及其加工技术探讨

介绍了防尘口罩的结构及选用时应注意的一些问题,分析了作为防尘口罩核心组件的滤料的过滤机制。论述了一些非织造布材料和非织造布加工方式对于防尘口罩滤料生产的优点和不足之处。对于广泛应用于口罩滤料的聚丙烯材料及滤料的主要加工方式——熔喷法非织造布生产技术,进行了重点介绍。同时也简要介绍了为完善口罩的综合性能而采用的非织造布复合技术。最后研究分析了提高口罩过滤效率的一种非常重要的方法——非织造布驻极加工方法,并对目前防尘口罩应用中存在的问题进行了简要的分析。     

制备斜发沸石和零价铁复合材料处理水中的六价铬污染

为了更好地降低我国地下水中六价铬污染给公众的健康带来的危害,本研究以渗透反应墙为处理地下水六价铬污染的主要方法,沸石和零价铁为反应材料,结合沸石虽价格低廉,但经长时间运行后吸附的六价铬有可能发生解吸,零价铁虽能完全去除六价铬但成本很高的特点,研发出了斜发沸石和零价铁的复合材料,以作为渗透反应墙的填充材料.研发主要分三个步骤:1)遴选出吸附效果较好的斜发沸石;2)确定最优表面活性剂及最优施用浓度;3)确定沸石与零价铁的复合工艺方法.最终方案为斜发沸石、六烷基三甲基溴化铵、还原铁粉、斜发沸石粉和超纯水按比例均匀混合后加热至90℃.由此制得的复合材料,具有良好的反应性能和便于装填的形状,生产成本也比较低廉,可以作为修复六价铬污染的反应墙填充材料.     

Sustainable design of sanitation system based on material and value flow analysis for urban slum in Indonesia

Material flow analysis (MFA) and value flow analysis (VFA) were applied to the sanitation system in an urban slum in Indonesia. Based on the results of the MFA and VFA, garbage and excreta disposal costs were evaluated to be 0.7% and 1.1%, respectively, of per capita income. Such value flows seem reasonable in light of the recognized affordability to pay (ATP) standard. However, current excreta disposal methods create negative impacts on downstream populations. Because such disadvantages do not go back to disposers, but passed to downstream, the current value flow structure does not motivate individual toilet users to install treatment facility. Based on current material and value flow structures, a resource recycling sanitation system scenario was examined. Based on VFA, an affordable initial cost for such a system was calculated; this was found to be comparable in price to a cheaper composting toilet that is currently available in the market.     

北京市8种铺装材质温湿度变化特征

选择北京市海淀公园8种不同铺装材质的下垫面作为研究对象,对其温湿度变化特征进行了定量化的研究。每天8：00—18：00,每2h一次分别对8种铺装材质下垫面的温度、相对湿度进行同步测定,连续测定7d。结果表明：不同铺装材质白昼期间,草坪的温度最低、相对湿度最高;透水砖、混凝土、拉道大理石及有机材料的温度和相对湿度居中;沥...