含银废料中银的化学法回收的研究

介绍了一种简便实用的含银废料中银回收的化学方法，本法具有工艺简便操作安全、技术条件易控制、污染小、适用性广和经济效益显著等优点。     

消除CS_2的滤料筛选

采用动态和静态两种配气方法 ,观察了 1 0余种滤料对CS2 的消除效果 ,结果表明 ,动态条件下滤料对CS2 的消除效果好于静态条件。不同滤料对CS2 的消除效果亦不相同 ,其中 6号碳纤维、 1号铜纤维、活性碳纤维及AF材料对CS2 的消除效果较好。由于活性碳纤维经济易得 ,适用于空气净化。     

Independent effects of male and female density on sexual harassment, female fitness, and male competition for mates in the western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis

Operational sex ratio (the ratio of sexually active males to fertilizable females) has a major influence on male competition for mates and male–female interactions. The contributions of male and female density per se to mating system dynamics, however, are rarely examined, and the fitness consequences are often inferred rather than quantified. Male mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) compete aggressively and frequently harass females for copulations, a behavior thought to reduce female fitness. Female fitness can also be reduced by increases in female density, which may affect food availability, cannibalism rates, and chemical interactions between females. I manipulated male and female densities of G. affinis to measure their effects on male–male aggression, male harassment toward females, and female fitness. I found that males chased rivals more often and attempted fewer copulations when female density decreased, but surprisingly male density had no significant effect on the frequency of these male behaviors. In contrast, males’ agonistic displays toward other males increased with male density, but display behavior was unaffected by female density. These results suggest that male and female density do not always contribute equally or at all to the patterns of behavior we observe. Female fitness declined as female density increased, the opposite pattern expected if male harassment is costly to females. This suggests that a strong, negative effect of female density overwhelmed any potential costs of male harassment. Sources of female density dependence and the consequences of changes in male and female density to patterns of male behavior are discussed.     

Female and male serins (Serinus serinus) respond differently to derived song traits

We tested if male or female behavior towards manipulated song indicates intra- or inter-sexual selection of two characteristics of serin song that are extreme and evolutionarily derived in this species: high frequency and fast syllable rate. In a first experiment, we monitored vocal responses and attendance to song playbacks. Female behavior indicated a preference for high-frequency song and suggested an aggressive function for fast syllable rates, as fast songs inhibited vocal response. Males did not show discrimination of frequency or syllable rate with this experimental design. The second experiment used a simple approach/no approach design, and in this experiment, males showed stronger discrimination between stimuli than did females. Therefore, sex differences in discrimination appear not to result from differences in perceptual abilities but from differences in the context of stimulus presentation. The second experiment also supported a role of song frequency in female choice, as the effect of frequency was limited to females: males did not respond differently to song frequency and approached high-frequency songs less than females did. Results of this experiment also supported an aggressive function for fast syllable rates, as the effect of fast songs did extend to male behavior. Taken together, our results indicate that the high frequency and fast syllable rate of serin song cannot result from a single selection process: while high frequency may have evolved by inter-sexual selection, syllable rate provokes a pattern of response that is more consistent with intra-sexual selection.     

烧结过程NOx和SO2形成规律及烧结料组成对NOx排放的影响

采用烧结杯实验方法,研究了烧结过程NOx和SO2的形成规律,以及焦粉含量、含水率和添加助剂对烧结过程NOx排放的影响.结果表明,烧结启动后,烧结带自上而下逐层推进,烧结带以下各断面NOx浓度基本相同.烧结带产生的SO2先被待烧结料吸附蓄积,再被热解析出,最后从底部排出,因此只在烧结最后阶段出口能检测到较高浓度的SO2,且SO2浓度与时间的关系呈倒V形曲线.烧结过程产生的NOx以热力型为主,而且绝大部分为NO,NO2浓度非常低.降低焦粉含量和含水率,或添加烧结助剂均有助于降低NOx排放.     

复合材料BiOI/BiOCl的制备及可见光催化降解活性艳红X-3B

以乙二醇为溶剂,利用溶剂热方法制备了不同I/Cl比的BiOI/BiOCl可见光催化材料.同时,采用X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(DRS)和光致荧光光谱(PL)对所制备材料的晶相、元素价态和光学性质等进行了表征,并以活性艳红X-3B为目标化合物,研究了不同I/Cl比对X-3B光催化降解动力学的影响.分析结果表明,BiOI和BiOCl能够得到很好的复合,在可见光范围内有很好的吸收.降解实验结果表明,I/Cl摩尔比为9∶1时,复合材料对X-3B的可见光降解效率最高,一级反应动力学速率为0.0133 min-1;TOC和COD在3 h内分别降低28%和25%左右,证明能够对所选目标染料在一定程度上实现矿化;在光催化降解活性艳红X-3B过程中起主要作用的为光生空穴.此外,还对复合材料光催化性能提高机理进行了探索与推测.     

新疆伊犁河谷沙漠沉积不同粒径组分的地球化学元素分布特征

本文通过对伊犁河谷西部塔克尔莫乎尔沙漠内的可克达拉（TKP）剖面典型层位样品 的不同粒级组分地球化学元素分析,探究西风环流控制的沙漠沉积区元素特征和化学风化指标 在不同粒级组分中的分布特征。研究结果表明TKP 剖面Na 和Sr 元素趋向于在粗粒级中富集; Fe、Mg、Al、Rb 元素趋向于细粒级中富集,K 元素含量随粒径增大先升高再降低,16 ~ 32 μm 粒 级处出现谷值;Ti 元素含量与粒度关系不明确。CIA、Rb/Sr 随粒级增大逐渐降低,Na2O/Al2O3、 Na2O/K2O、K2O/Al2O3 随粒级增大逐渐升高。TKP 剖面地球化学元素和比值在<2 μm、2~16 μm、 16 ~32 μm 细粒级组分不同粒级间变化较为剧烈,32~ 63 μm、63~125 μm、>125 μm 粗粒级组分 变化则不明显,而且粗粒级组分在剖面中的变化也比较稳定。剖面整体风化程度较弱,因此这 种现象可能是物源不统一造成的,为塔克尔莫乎尔沙漠具有物源多样性特点的观点提供了地球 化学元素方面的证据。     

多点交替进水阶式A2/O工艺氮磷去除途径

为分析CMICAO(多点交替进水阶式A2/O)工艺处理实际生活污水时对氮、磷的去除机理,基于物料衡算方程,计算各反应池内污染物质量浓度,并与实测值进行对比,分析氮、磷的去除途径,提出强化工艺脱氮除磷的方法.结果表明,试验条件下,出水中ρ(TP)、ρ(TN)和ρ(氨氮)分别为(0.41±0.08)、(10.24±0.40)和(2.07±0.30)mg/L.除微生物同化作用外,系统中的氮主要通过好氧硝化、缺氧/厌氧反硝化及SND(同步硝化反硝化)途径去除,阶段一3#反应池、阶段二2#反应池和阶段三1#反应池的SND率分别达到37%、52%和58%左右.磷通过聚磷菌厌氧/缺氧释磷、好氧吸磷和反硝化除磷途径去除,阶段一4#池的反硝化吸磷量达到3 mg/L左右.降低好氧池ρ(DO)和改变缺氧池与厌氧池的进水量比例可强化脱氮除磷效果.     

某炮弹地面制导装备可修复维修器材保障研究

目的对某炮弹地面制导装备可修复维修器材的保障进行探讨。方法对维修器材的可修复性、修理级别进行分析,研究可修复器材的管理包括可修复器材的技术、质量和供应管理,可修复器材的筹措和报废。结果制定了可修复器材的确定步骤,编制了可修复器材的管理细则。结论编制了紧贴标准和实际、有经济效益的可修复器材划分标准,在可修复器材筹措、供应、管理、回收等环节建立了统一、规范的规章制度。     

T700碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料与2A12铝合金电偶腐蚀研究

目的研究电偶腐蚀行为。方法根据飞机服役过程中面临的典型气候条件,对T700碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料与2A12铝合金连接在不同环境温度(0,10,20,30,40℃)、不同p H值(3,5,7)和不同质量分数(3.5%,7%,10%Na Cl溶液)电解质溶液条件下进行电偶腐蚀实验,并分析各参数对电偶腐蚀的影响规律和电偶腐蚀对材料的影响。结果随着电解质溶液温度、Na Cl浓度的升高和p H值(限酸性环境)的降低,腐蚀电流逐渐增大。结论电偶腐蚀过程对复合材料影响不大,铝合金腐蚀破坏加重。