Achieving sustainable lifestyles? Socio-cultural dispositions,collective action and material culture as problems and possibilities

This article focuses on the everyday life of ordinary households, their behaviour and responsibility with regard to environmental and sustainability issues. Previous research has shown that there is a gap between what households perceive as ideologically correct behaviour and what they actually do. It is argued here that socio-cultural dispositions, material culture and collective action need to be included in future strategies for creating more sustainable lifestyles. The investigation is based on a study of families participating in a year-long project in which the families learned to live in a more environmentally friendly way. In the study of the families, material culture interacted with routines, family relations and citizenship in a reproducing manner. The lifestyle changes were gender-biased, with the women as driving forces but also bearing most of the extra workload. From early life experiences, garbage sorting stood out as an especially powerful tool for a change towards more sustainable lifestyles.     

橡胶制品工业工艺废气排放因子探讨——以轮胎企业为例

介绍AP-42、GB27632—2011中橡胶制品工艺废气污染物情况,并与轮胎企业工艺废气污染物实测数据进行比较分析,探讨了工艺废气的排放因子。结果表明轮胎企业工艺废气主要来自于炼胶、硫化工序,排放主要污染物为颗粒物、二甲苯、非甲烷总烃和二硫化碳,排放因子可参照AP-42确定。     

Improving the thermal performance of single-glazed windows using translucent granular aerogel

Cost-effective materials, products and installation methods are required to improve the energy efficiency of the UK's existing building stock. The aim of this paper is to assess the potential for high-performance translucent granular aerogel insulation to be retrofitted over single glazing to reduce heat loss without blocking out all of the useful natural light. In situ testing of a 10-mm-thick prototype panel, consisting of a clear twin-wall polycarbonate sheet filled with granular aerogel, was carried out and validated with steady-state calculations. Results demonstrate that an 80% reduction in heat loss can be achieved without detrimental reductions in light transmission. Payback calculations accounting for the inevitable thermal bridging from openable solutions such as roller shutters or pop-in secondary glazing suggest that a return on investment between 3.5 and 9.5 years is possible if products are consistently used over the heating season. Granular aerogel is a promising material for improving the thermal performance of existing windows. Future research will seek to map out different ways in which the material can be applied to the existing UK housing stock, identifying which systems offer the greatest potential for widespread CO₂ savings over their life cycle.     

Formulation of a Photosensitized Polyethylene Film; Its Structure and Property Variation Under the Weathering Conditions of Tehran

To develop an environmentally degradable polymer material, a masterbatch pro-oxidant system was blended into low-density polyethylene. The polymer film samples were prepared by compression molding. The prepared films were placed under the natural environment of Tehran for weathering studies and accelerated conditions were also performed for UV aging in UV chamber. At different time intervals, the changes in chemical structure of photosensitized polyethylene samples were studied by FTIR and compared to that of the control polyethylene films. Also the mechanical properties of photosensitized polyethylene films were determined in comparison with the control films by measuring the tensile strength and elongation at break after exposure to the natural environment and UV radiation. Results showed that the overall rate of degradation process is clearly dependent on the polyethylene composition, test conditions (natural or accelerated), season of the year, and the duration of the weathering of the samples.     

南京市化学原料及化学制品制造业能源消耗预测

化学原料及化学制品制造业作为南京市高能耗、高污染产业,对其能源消耗总量及能源消耗结构进行预测,对节能减排具有重要意义。以2002—2012年能源消耗量弱化之后的数据为原始数据,运用灰色GM(1,1)模型对2013—2020年南京市化学原料及化学制品制造业能源消耗总量以及主要能耗进行了预测。由于部分原始数据序列光滑性较差,所建预测模型的精度较低,使用平均弱化缓冲算子对其进行处理。结果表明,处理之后建模精度提高,预测的结果更加准确。     

中国废弃电器电子产品回收体系发展现状及建议研究

随着中国电子产业的飞速发展和人们消费水平的提高,电器电子产品的拥有量和报废量都持续攀升,废弃电器电子产品(以下简称“废电器”)已成为中国增长速度最快的固体废弃物之一。如何规范有效的回收废电器,建立正规回收渠道,完善回收管理体系是中国废电器管理面临的难题之一。通过对中国废电器的定义、特点以及回收链特征进行概述,结合中国废电器回收体系的发展现状,综合分析回收体系建立的必要性,对中国废电器回收体系管理提出对策和建议。     

高锰酸钾去除水中甲硫醚的效能及动力学研究

通过烧杯试验研究水处理常用氧化剂KMnO_4氧化水中甲硫醚的效能,探讨了KMnO_4投加量、甲硫醚初始质量浓度、p H值及腐殖酸质量浓度对氧化反应的影响,并对反应动力学及氧化产物进行了分析。结果表明:不同剂量的KMnO_4氧化甲硫醚反应在t=10 min内已基本完成,去除率达99%;随KMnO_4投加量增加,去除率和反应速率增加;KMnO_4过量条件下甲硫醚初始质量浓度对反应速率和去除率无影响;p H值对反应速率常数影响较显著,当p H=6.85时,反应速率常数达到最大;0~30 mg/L的腐殖酸对甲硫醚去除率基本无影响,但对反应速率有一定的抑制作用。腐殖酸质量浓度在0~15 mg/L变化时,反应速率常数基本不变;腐殖酸质量浓度从15 mg/L增大到20mg/L时,反应速率常数迅速变小,反应进程变慢;而当腐殖酸质量浓度大于等于20 mg/L时,反应速率常数又基本不变。KMnO_4氧化甲硫醚的反应符合二级反应动力学模型,二级反应的动力学常数k=0.647 L/(min·mg)。通过GC/MS对反应产物分析发现,KMnO_4可将甲硫醚氧化为二甲基亚砜。因此,KMnO_4是一种高效、快速的去除水中甲硫醚的氧化剂。     

北京北天堂填埋场矿化垃圾筛上物特性分析

为解决丰台北天堂垃圾填埋场600～700t/d矿化垃圾筛上物的处置问题,对其理化性质进行了分析,结果表明:矿化垃圾筛上物中以塑料、砖瓦灰土及木竹3类为主,可燃组分达65%以上,不可燃组分为33%左右;湿基热值为11806.6kJ/kg,灰分含量达40%左右,挥发分仅为25.19%;C、H、O含量较高。矿化垃圾筛上物各组分中:塑料、木竹、织物、细土的含水率均在20%以上;塑料、橡胶的热值均为16736kJ/kg以上,木竹和织物的热值为10460kJ/kg左右;塑料、织物、木竹、橡胶等可燃物的挥发分含量均在50%以上;塑料、橡胶中的N含量较少,但含氯量均较高,织物中C、H、O含量较高。矿化垃圾筛上物仍需要进一步的处理,将可燃组分与无机组分分离,可燃物焚烧利用,无机组分建材利用。     

Kibale Forest Wild Coffee: Challenges to Market‐Based Conservation in Africa

Abstract: Declining rural security and pressures to reduce public‐sector expenditures in the late 1990s spurred efforts to develop alternative funding models for Uganda's Kibale National Park (KNP). The Wild Coffee Project, established in 1999 with support from the U.S. Agency for International Development, the World Bank, and the Ford Foundation, sought to develop a market for wild coffee that had been harvested traditionally from areas within today's KNP. The Kibale Forest Foundation, a U.S.‐based nonprofit organization, was created to legalize harvests, obtain third‐party wild and organic certification, and coordinate management between KNP, the coffee industry, and local communities. Although the project was successful in legalizing, harvesting, and processing the world's first certified wild and organic coffee, efforts to gain entry into the international marketplace failed. Chief among the lessons learned from this project is that for many wild‐grown products, the value of “the story”—in both human and conservation terms—is likely to far exceed actual product values. This value differential should be captured through high‐value niche markets to avoid low commodity pricing and subsequent pressures to improve financial returns through over harvesting. In addition, local producers should hold significant assets in whatever brands are developed, creating a shared‐equity approach that serves social responsibility goals, fosters project sustainability, and ensures a steady stream of positive stories for use in marketing to build brand value. Shared equity—in this case ownership interest in the intellectual property embodied in the brand—provides a second incentive beyond transactional profits that can only be realized if resource conservation is maintained.     

Review of strobilurin fungicide chemicals

Strobilurins are natural products isolated and identified from specific fungi. Natural strobilurins were named in the order of their discovery as strobilurin-A followed by strobilurin-B, C, D etc. Their discovery opened the door for new chemistry of synthetic fungicides. Applying Quantitative Structural Activity Relationship (QSAR) on the structures of the natural strobilurins, many pesticide companies were able to discover many synthetic analogues that are more efficacious and more stable fungicides. At present there are about eight synthetic strobilurins in the fungicides worldwide market. Some of these products are worldwide registered for use as agrochemical and some are in the process of registration. This class of fungicides is relatively new, as crop protection products and information about them is still fairly scarce. In this review, syntheses and chemistry of natural and synthetic strobilurins are discussed. Also, the mode of action, efficacy, biotic/abiotic degradation, analytical methods, and agricultural uses are discussed.