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田间小气候对水稻产量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在中科院桃源农业生态试验站,选择了3个不同类型水稻品种(常规稻、一般杂交稻和超级杂交稻)为材料,利用稻田中部(距稻田边界6 m)和近边界(距稻田边界1 m)小气候的差异,研究了田间小气候对水稻产量和生物量的影响.稻田中部与近边界相比,在光合盛期(10:00-14:00),CO2含量低10~15μmol·mol-1,日平均温度低0.081℃,日平均相对湿度高10%.近边界水稻产量和生物量均显著高于稻田中部.稻田中部和近边界0.081℃的温度差异对光合速率的影响微小.稻田中部较高的相对湿度有利于缓解光合“午休”,促进光合作用.因此,温度和湿度差异均不是近边界水稻产量和生物量均显著高于稻田中部的原因.通过Li-6400光合仪测定发现水稻叶片光合速率与250~400μmol·mol-1的CO2含量内成线性正相关.在1200μmol·m-2·s-1光强下,如果 CO2含量增加10~15μmol·mol-1,水稻光合速率将增加0.6523~0.9785μmol·m-2·s-1.所以 CO2含量差异是近边界产量和生物量高于稻田中部的主要原因.最后建议通过一些栽培措施,改善群体通风状况,增加冠层内CO2含量,从而增加水稻产量和生物量. 相似文献
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Xu Jingwei Li Chuanrong Li Qi Zheng Li & Wang Weidong Beijing Forestry University Beijing China Shandong Acdemy of Forestry Jinan China College of Forestry Shandong Agricultural University Taian China Shandong Normal University Jinan China 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2005,3(3)
Evaluating the biodiversity of previous and current species in a forest community is an important task. Some methodological researches and effective applications have been carried out widely in the temperate upland zone. However, they lack related researches in coastal shelter forests. This paper attempts to analyze them for Jiaonan coastal forest communities from the following three aspects, the relationship between plant biodiversity structure and its environment, the nexus between biodivers… 相似文献
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保留带与造林带的小气候和水分比较研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
比较分析了保留带与造林带的小气候和水分效应结果显示:①保留带的日均温比造林带低0.6~2.6℃,每天13:00时两带温差最大;保留带的月均温比造林带低0.5~2.2℃,两带6~8月的月均温差最大.②保留带的日均温度比造林带高10~15%,每天13:00时两带湿度相差最大;保留带的月均湿度比造林带高8.3~15.5%,两带6~8月的月均湿度相差最大.③造林带的光明强度是保留带的30~50倍,是未砍带的43~58倍.保留带和造林带不同位点的光照强度随一天中时刻的变化而发生更替.④保留带灌丛对降雨的拦截率为22.61%~64.15%.⑤保留带与造林带和未砍带土壤的自然含水率差异主要出现在0~10cm的表土层,且雨季的差异大十旱季的差异在雨季,保留带土壤的含水宰大于造林带的含水率,在旱季则相反. 相似文献
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岷江上游干暖河谷与元江干热河谷的气候特征比较研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
利用岷江上游和元江(红河上游)河谷区的多年气象观测资料,通过对两河谷区的光、热、水、风等气候因子的综合分析、比较,得出结论:两河谷区的日照时数均较多,日照充足,干热河谷的日照时数要比干暖河谷多。干热河谷的平均温度要比干暖河谷要高。两河谷均是气温的年较差较小,月较差较大;降水的地区差异大,有明显的干雨季之分,降水均集中在雨季,降水量干热河谷多于干暖河谷;两河谷均是山谷风大,定时风显著,风速均是干季大,雨季小。两河谷局地小气候均呈现复杂多样特征。在干热河谷中上段,光热资源较丰富,而水分资源不协调,导致水分构成了该地区发展的主要限制因子;而在干暖河谷中上段,光照可满足需要,热量和水分不足,构成了限制因子,特别在中段河谷的部分地区缺水更甚,干旱年份可影响到树木生长。对两河谷气候特征的对比、分析, 可为两流域在退耕还林、山地生态环境的治理和恢复提供科学依据。 相似文献
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D.N. Mungai C.L. Coulson J.K. Ng'' Ang'' A G.W.S. Netondo G.O. Umay C.J. Stigter 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2001,13(3):291-298
IntroductionOnlyabout 2 0 %ofKenya’stotallandareahashighpotentialforagriculturalproduction ,therestbeingaridorsemi arid .TheannualpopulationgrowthrateinKenyaofcloseto 4 %isoneofthehighestintheworld (e .g .UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme ,1990 ) .Thissituationhasl… 相似文献
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以海州露天矿排土场不同复垦模式(草地、农田、白榆林地、刺槐林地、白榆刺槐混交林地)为研究对象,以裸地为对照,采用定点观测的方法,对海州露天矿排土场不同复垦模式下的光照强度、大气温度、相对湿度、5 cm、10 cm处的土壤温度和0~10 cm、10~20 cm的土壤含水量等小气候因子进行连续观测,分析小气候因子的日变化、日较差和日均值。研究结果表明:不同复垦模式均有降温、增湿、保水、减小日较差和日均值的功能。不同复垦模式对小气候调节能力表现为白榆刺槐混交林地白榆林地刺槐林地农田草地裸地。海州露天矿排土场随着植被的恢复,小气候和环境得到良好的改善。 相似文献
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Minj a Ha Kaori Yoden Ingvar Holmér 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):347-362
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 2 kinds of underwear made from hydrophobic and hydrophilic fabrics on the mean skin temperatures and clothing microclimate (temperature, humidity) in participants performing intermittent exercise in cold environmental conditions.One or 2 layers of cotton underwear (C1, C2) with a 2-piece long-sleeved shirt and long-legged trousers, and 1 or 2 layers of polypropylene underwear (P1, P2) with a 2-piece long-sleeved shirt and long-legged trousers were used as experimental underwear. In addition, the participants wore a 2-piece ski suit as 100% polyester clothing including 100% polyester padding. Ten young adult females volunteered as participants. The experiments were performed in a climatic chamber at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 0°C and an air velocity of 0.26 m s?1.The major findings are summarized as follows: (a) Although the clothing microclimate humidity was not different within the ski suit of outer clothing between C1 and P1, it was significantly higher in P2 than in C2; (b) Clothing microclimate temperature inside the ski suit did not differ between C1 and P1, whereas it was significantly higher in P2 than in C2; (c) The thermal gradient between innermost and outermost of clothing microclimate at back level did not show any difference between C1 and P1, but it was significantly higher in C2 than in P2. These results are discussed in terms of thermal physiology and clothing sciences. 相似文献