地震现场应急救援的通信系统设计

当地震发生时,保证现场救援各部门、单位与救援指挥部的通信联络,对及时抢救人民生命财产,减少地震造成的损失有着至关重要的作用.本文根据现场地震应急救援工作分布特点、地震救援各部门的工作性质和对通信保障的需求,在分析各种无线通信装备性能的基础上,采用卫星、无线网桥、超短波多层混合组网的立体结构模型,设计了地震现场的通信保障方案.依据电磁传播理论,计算出无线通信设备现场架设的基本参数,并给出了设备选型的主要技术指标以供参考.     

Metaphors for the War (or Race) against Climate Change

Despite overwhelming scientific consensus, millions of Americans fail to view climate change as a pressing threat. How can we address this disconnect between science and public opinion? In the present study, we investigated the role of metaphorical framing in shaping attitudes toward climate change. Participants read a brief article that metaphorically described US efforts to reduce carbon emissions as a war or race against climate change, or non-metaphorically described it as the issue of climate change. We further manipulated whether these emission-reduction goals emphasized the relatively near or distant future. We found that, compared to the race frame, the war metaphor made people perceive more urgency and risk surrounding climate change and express a greater willingness to increase conservation behavior, irrespective of the time horizon. Those who read the non-metaphorical report tended to respond in between these two extremes. We discuss the implications of these findings for climate communications.     

作业场所职业危害监管移动终端系统初探

目前信息技术尤其是物联网高速发展,而我国职业危害形势日益严峻,相关的法律法规标准繁多,职业危害监管人员不足、基层监管人员业务水平不高、需要记录的数据量大,信息反馈慢,保管和存储困难,利用作业场所职业危害监管移动终端系统可以解决上述问题,本文在分析我国职业危害监管终端信息系统应用需求的基础上,对信息终端系统的研究进展进行了阐述,提出了采用服务器、无线网络和移动终端的体系结构,并对数据库体系结构,以及作业场所职业危害监管移动终端系统的软硬件平台进行了初步探讨。     

高垦殖丘陵区不同类型农用地土壤中抗生素抗性基因分布特征

为揭示高垦殖丘陵区不同类型农用地土壤中抗生素抗性基因分布特征,分析了抗生素抗性基因在菜地、果园和耕地土壤中的丰度和多样性.结果表明,所有土壤样品中共检出70种抗生素抗性基因和4种可移动基因元件,其中β-内酰胺类cphA-01抗性基因是农用地土壤中相对丰度最高的耐药基因.在菜地和果园土壤中,主要的抗性基因亚型为cphA-01和cmx（A）,而耕地土壤以mexF和aacC基因为主.土壤中抗生素抗性基因的相对丰度和多样性均表现为：耕地<菜地<果园,这与不同农用地土壤的养分条件差异有关.类似地,土壤中可移动基因元件的相对丰度和多样性均以耕地土壤为最低,而其最高值分别出现在菜地和果园样品中.高垦殖丘陵区农用地土壤环境中可移动基因元件与抗生素抗性基因丰度呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05）,表明基因水平迁移可能促进抗生素抗性基因在高垦殖丘陵区农用地土壤环境中扩散.     

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌脱除废手机PCB表面元器件的方法研究

通过微生物法实现废手机PCB基板与其表面元器件分离,并探究最佳的工艺条件.采用嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,以下简称A.f菌）脱除废手机PCB表面元器件,研究结果表明,经接种处理,浸出3d后,PCB表面元器件有少量脱除;浸出5d后,PCB表面元器件大部分可被脱除,仍有个体较大的元器件未被脱除;浸出7d后,PCB表面元器件被完全脱除;未接种对照组中PCB表面元器件未发生脱除.通过ICP-OES测得A.f菌作用7d的浸出液中含有大量的金属离子,而这些金属离子是构成元器件与PCB衔接处焊脚的主要组成成分,其中Ni、Zn、Al通过A.f菌作用后以离子形态进入浸出液中,焊脚中的单质Sn通过A.f菌作用后转化为离子态进入浸出液中,在浸出液中又迅速形成含锡沉淀物,在浸出第1d浸出液中Sn离子含量急速下降.通过设置不同浸出条件的单因素实验,结果表明：当培养基初始pH值为1.0,固液比为3：50,接种量为15%,温度为30℃,转速为125r/min时,A.f菌脱除手机PCB表面元器件效果最佳.浸出7d后,PCB表面元器件可被完全脱除.     

移动应急友邻互视技术

针对应急管理中对信息共享、团队协作和移动指挥的应用需求,研究了移动应急终端间的位置共享与信息交互方法和技术框架,初步构建了移动应急位置服务网。移动应急位置服务网包括移动应急终端、无线通信网络、中心服务器、监控终端和管理终端等组成部分。定义了位置、信息与指令传输格式,以实现移动应急终端和中心服务器之间的实时通信。制定了移动应急终端组网规则,以实现位置和信息在移动应急位置服务网内的交互。研发了友邻位置与信息交互技术,重点研究了终端位置报告、终端节电、北斗终端接入、友邻位置表达、信息推送等技术。针对具体应用需求,开发了原型系统,试验表明移动应急友邻互视技术可提高事发现场应急处置团队的协作能力和应急处置效率,具有实用性。     

2009年姚安6.0级地震强震动应急观测的数据处理及其震害启示

对2009年7月9日云南姚安6.0级地震应急流动观测获取的强余震记录进行了处理和分析,包括记录的滤波及零漂处理,5.2级、4.7级、4.6级三次强余震的PGA、PGV、PGD及PSV、PSD以及对应的谱烈度(St)与相对持时(Td)等的计算及其分析.结果表明:这些强余震近场记录的滤波处理对高频成份影响较大,对低频部分影...     

A Study on the Combined Effect of Noise and Vibration on Operators’ Performance of a Readability Task in a Mobile Driving Environment

This paper presents a study in which the main objective was to investigate the combined effect of noise and vibration on the performance of a readability task in a mobile driving environment. Subjects performed a readability task on a laptop computer in a sitting posture with their backs supported with a backrest under varying levels of noise and vibration. The data in terms of the mean number of characters read per minute were collected and statistically analyzed. Results showed that the individual effect of noise, vibration, and the operators’ gender as well as the interaction between gender and noise, and gender and vibration were statistically significant. However, the combined effect of noise and vibration was not found to be statistically significant. Results also indicated that gender was statistically significant at all levels of noise as well as vibration, and noise and vibration were statistically significant at both levels of gender.     

Occupational Exposure to Base Stations—Compliance With EU Directive 2004/40/EC

The rapid growth of mobile communications has not only led to a rising number of mobile telephones. It has also made base stations essential for services widespread on many roofs. However, not everyone is aware that working close to sources of high frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF), such as transmitter antennas for mobile phones, pagers and police, fire and other emergency services, can result in high EMF exposure. This paper deals with measurements and calculations of the compliance boundary for workers in one typical roof top base station setting according to EU Directive and other relevant EN standards.     

再悬浮条件下底泥中磷赋存形态的转化研究

以富营养化河流的底泥和上覆水为材料,研究了底泥再悬浮条件下,磷的赋存形态的变化特征,并对不同形态磷之间可能的转化途径进行了探讨.结果表明,底泥再悬浮条件下,磷的释放及吸附均与底泥再悬浮的频率密切相关.再悬浮导致底泥中不同形态磷的数量分布发生了明显变化. BD-P和NaOH-nrP的含量显著减少,而Ca-P的含量明显增加,其余各形态磷的变化幅度很小.这表明, BD-P和NaOH-nrP可能转化成Ca-P.而潜在活性磷与生物有效磷的形成量也表明,底泥再悬浮促进了易释放态磷与生物有效磷向难释放态磷与难被生物利用态磷的转化,并且这种促进作用随着底泥再悬浮的频率的增加而增加.