Sustainable supply chain network design: a multicriteria perspective

In this paper, we develop a rigorous modelling and analytical framework for the design of sustainable supply chain networks. We consider a firm that is engaged in determining the capacities of its various supply chain activities, i.e. the manufacturing, storage and distribution of the product to the demand locations. The firm is faced with both capital costs associated with constructing the link capacities and the links' operational costs. Moreover, the firm is aware of the emissions generated associated with the alternative manufacturing plants, storage facilities and modes of transportation/shipment, which may have different levels of emissions due, for example, to distinct technologies of, respectively, production, storage and transportation. The firm is assumed to be a multicriteria decision-maker who seeks to not only minimise the total costs associated with design/construction and operation, but also to minimise the emissions generated, with an appropriate weight, which reflects the price of the emissions, associated with the various supply chain network activities. We provide both the network optimisation modelling framework and an algorithm, which is then applied to compute solutions to a spectrum of numerical sustainable supply chain design examples in order to illustrate our approach.     

Modelling and optimisation of a product recovery network

An appropriate logistics network is an important element of the infrastructure of any product recovery company. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) constitute a major fraction of the product recovery industry with a different business objective and scale of operation from those of original equipment manufacturers. This paper addresses the network design issues for SMEs involved in product recovery activities. A mathematical formulation is presented in an SME context and a subsequent simulation model is developed. A genetic algorithm approach is presented for optimising the network for a single product scenario.     

A novel chemical product design framework with the integration of safety and health aspects

Computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) technique is a powerful tool for the design of molecules that meet a set of desirable properties. In most of the CAMD problems, the molecular physical and thermodynamic properties are often selected as the target properties, while safety and health aspects were not taken into consideration. However, certain chemical substances may cause adverse effects to human's health after prolonged and repeated exposure. Therefore, in order to ensure that the generated molecule does not bring harm and health-related risks to the consumers, it is crucial to incorporate both inherent safety and health into the existing CAMD techniques. In this work, a novel chemical product design methodology has been developed to integrate both safety and health aspects into the CAMD framework presented by a single optimisation model. The measurement of safety and health indicators are based on the molecular properties that have impact on both of these aspects. Each property is assigned with an index or penalty value based on the degree of potential hazards. A molecule with a higher index value has a higher hazard level and vice versa. Hence, a molecule that satisfies the target properties and has a low penalty value will be selected as the most reasonable choice. This new approach ensures that a product that possesses the desirable properties, and at the same time meets the safety and health criteria, is produced. A case study on the solvent design for gas sweetening process has been carried out to determine the optimal molecule.     

基于阻抗失配的EMI滤波器优化设计

基于阻抗失配原则,对滤波器输入阻抗和源阻抗之间的阻抗匹配问题进行研究,将阻抗失配的约束条件和其他针对EMI滤波器设计的各种限制条件,提出一种多目标优化设计方法,采用进化和遗传算法,综合考虑滤波器插损、阻抗失配、EMC标准和谐振等因素作为多目标参数,实现EMI滤波器优化自动设计。实验验证了优化设计结果具有实用性及较好的噪声抑制效果。     

基于用地规划的污染地块修复多目标优化研究

本研究构建了一个基于再开发的污染地块修复环境与社会经济多目标优化决策方法,并以华北某大型污染地块开展实证研究.结果显示：调整用地规划布局,采用第二类用地修复治理标准（GB3660-2018）可使修复方量降低62.5%,同时降低修复的环境影响;其次,基于多目标优化调整的用地规划和修复技术,使修复成本分别降低28.3%、27.4%,而优化土地开发强度使收益同期增长24.3%,并能兼顾多重社会可持续目标.最后,对多目标优化的盈亏平衡分析显示,提高用地开发强度所增加的土地收益高于同期增加的修复成本,达到一定的土地开发强度方能实现地块修复与再开发的盈亏平衡.因此,通过地方政府、社会公众、污染责任方和土地开发商等利益相关方分析,构建的污染地块修复多目标优化策略可综合平衡不同利益相关方的权力和资本关系,提升修复的环境和社会经济效益,实现绿色可持续的修复与再开发.     

基于生态系统服务价值的东北农牧交错区土地利用格局优化与评价

为完善土地规划评估指标、挖掘东北农牧交错区生态建设潜力,在明晰2001—2018年东北农牧交错区生态系统服务价值（ESV）时空特征的基础上,分别以供给服务、调节服务和支持服务三种生态功能为优先发展目标,结合CLUE-S模型提出了三种土地利用格局规划方案。结果显示：（1）2001—2018年研究区ESV总量增长9.69%,其中调节、支持和供给服务功能年均占比分别为67.25%、21.88%和6.74%;（2）三种规划方案对区域ESV提升明显,其中支持服务优先情景下ESV总量提升5.84%,高于供给服务（2.66%）和调节服务（5.19%）优先情景;（3）不同土地利用类型的环境适应性不同,研究区西北部、西南部和东部部分地区更适宜造林和退耕,ESV总量和支持服务价值的提升潜力较大,而北部和东南部地区更适宜开垦农田,供给和调节服务价值提升潜力较大。不同生态系统服务间的权衡与协同是保障区域生态与经济稳定可持续发展的关键。充分考虑政策与环境适应性等因素,对东北农牧交错区土地利用格局进行优化,将为当地规划提供理论基础和实践参考。     

区域水生态承载力多目标优化方法与例证

水生态承载力是指维系水生态系统健康状态下的人类活动阈值,揭示的是某一区域人类活动与水生态系统之间的耦合规律,可为水生态环境保护与经济社会的协调发展提供依据. 基于水生态承载力的概念,构建了区域水生态承载力指标体系,建立了区域水生态承载力多目标优化模型,采用模糊方法进行求解,并采用遗传投影寻踪方法对方案进行优选. 以浙江省湖州市为例进行实证分析,以污染物环境容量利用率作为情景方案设定的依据,分别设定了双指标(COD_Cr、NH₃-N)、三指标(COD_Cr、NH₃-N、TN)、四指标(COD_Cr、NH₃-N、TN、TP)3种控制方案. 结果表明,3种控制方案的优化结果均具有一定的可行性和合理性,并推荐四指标控制方案为优选方案. 四指标控制方案优化结果表明:2020年状态指标水环境容量利用率、生态用水比例分别为99.3%、59.1%;调控指标GDP增长速度、人口增长速度、城镇化率分别控制在7.4%、0.5%、70.3%以下,污水治理资金占GDP的比例为0.9%,第三产业比例为52.1%,化肥施用强度为251.0 kg/hm2;在此基础上,湖州市2020年可承载目标人口总量为350.0×104人,GDP为2 965.4×108元.      

不确定性模糊多目标模型在生态城市水资源配置中的应用

针对生态城市水资源配置的不确定性、模糊、多目标特点,建立了基于不确定性基本理论的不确定性模糊多目标(IFMOP)水资源配置模型.该模型改变了以往按照确定性目标进行优化的思路,用区间参数的方法将现实中的不确定因素表现为区间形式,将各变量在区间内组合求解,并且通过决策者与模型的交互,用MATLAB软件编程求解,很好地体现了实际决策过程.通过采用华北某市新区水资源数据进行优化配置实例验证,得到了较为合理的2020年水资源优化配置方案.     

农村移民安置生态环境容量估算的双向探索

把经济、社会、环境作为一个协调发展的整体，深入探讨了农村移民安置环境承载容量的估算方法，采取线性加权构造评价函数的方法，并选用人均口粮，农业产值，水土保持状况以及森林面积，以便建立分别代表三个效益的目标函数，进行多目标规划，然后，根据双向探索的思路，在可行解中择优，进而在顺向和逆向寻优中不同整体效益的基础上，发展出协调优化、综合决策的安置容量估算方法，双向寻优的结果可互相验证，互相补充，弥补了单一