A physical-microbial food web coupled model to study the evolution of the ecological functioning of a new reservoir after its flooding (Sep,Puy de Dôme)

The aim of this paper is to understand the temporal changes in planktonic populations and to highlight some important factors that control the biological functioning and evolution of a recently flooded reservoir, the Sep reservoir (Massif Central, France). To achieve this objective, a 1D vertical coupled physical–biological model was used and developed. It couples relevant physical processes (dispersion, advection and convection) with biological processes taking into account the complexity of interactions within the microbial food web, including the conventional grazing food chain with a microbial loop.     

PCDDs and PCDFs in food samples from Catalonia, Spain. An assessment of dietary intake

Food samples from local markets and supermarkets of Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain) were analyzed for PCDD/F concentrations. On lipid basis, PCDD/F levels in meat, fish, eggs, and fats and oils were similar or lower than those found in other countries. By contrast, in general terms PCDD/F levels in milk, vegetables, and cereals showed higher levels than those previously reported. The total dietary PCDD/F intake by the population of Tarragona was estimated to be 210 pg I-TEQ/day. This value is higher than the dietary intake of PCDD/Fs found in a number of surveys from other countries. However, when total dietary intake of PCDD/Fs was calculated including only fish and seafood, meat, milk and dairy products, eggs, and fats and oils, a dietary intake of PCDD/Fs of 117 pg I-TEQ/day was obtained. This intake is in the same range than that reported for different regions and countries. The results of the present study show that food groups such as vegetables, fruits, and cereals should not be excluded to estimate the total dietary intake of PCDD/Fs by general populations, especially in those countries and/or regions in which their consumptions are notable.     

甘肃中部地区生态安全评价

在PSR模型框架下，利用熵法确定权重，采用1986年Landsat TM和2000年ETM＋影像确定模型中的自然组分数据，结合社会经济统计数据，对生态安全过程进行景观格局判定，较好地得出了15年来甘肃中部地区生态安全的变化状况。研究表明：2000年甘肃中部地区生态安全状况整体较差，15年来，人类活动加速了自然组分的退化，逐步弱化了景观中的稳定成分，促进形成了异质性程度低、格局粗粒化、稳定性差的景观格局，其中，快速城市化、水资源减少和耕地、林地等重要土地资源的快速转化是整个地区生态安全状态弱化的主要原因。     

上海市售海产贝类食用安全质量评价及分级

依据无公害食用安全标准,采用单项质量指数法和综合质量指数法,对15种上海市售海产贝类中的4项重金属指标进行了质量评价及食用分级.结果表明,市售海产贝类食用安全质量总体良好,所测样品的总Hg、多数样品的As、Pb和Cd含量均符合食用安全标准;15种市售海产贝类中,2种处于危险食用水平,1种处于谨慎食用水平,处于基本安全食用和放心食用安全水平的分别有4种和8种.     

Ethical Tools to Support Systematic Public Deliberations about the Ethical Aspects of Agricultural Biotechnologies

This special issue of the Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics presents so-called ethical tools that are developed to support systematic public deliberations about the ethical aspects of agricultural biotechnologies. This paper firstly clarifies the intended connotations of the term “ethical tools” and argues that such tools can support liberal democracies to cope with the issues that are raised by the application of genetic modification and other modern biotechnologies in agriculture and food production. The paper secondly characterizes the societal discussion on agricultural biotechnology and defends the thesis that normative perspectives fuel this discussion, so one cannot come to grips with this discussion if one neglects these perspectives. The paper thirdly agrues that no such thing exists as “one” societal debate in which these issues should be discussed. There are several interwined debates, and different actors participate in different discourses. Some practical instruments are necessary in order to include the right issues in these debates. These instruments will be coined as “ethical tools,” since they are practical instruments that can be used (tools) in order to support debates and deliberative structures for a systematic engagement with ethical issues (hence, ethical tools). Finally, the paper clarifies the ethics of these ethical tools and presents the tools as discussed in the remainder of this special issue: 1) tools to include ethical issues in public consulation and involvement; 2) tools to support systematic reflection upon ethical issues in decision-making; and 3) tools to support explicit communication about values in the food chain.     

中小型水库库区生态安全性综合评价

从库区生物环境,地质与气候环境和人类工程活动三个准则考虑建立了库区系统生态安全性评价指标体系,并采用层次分析和模糊评价有机结合的综合方法对库区系统生态安全进行综合评价。以四川中江县黄鹿水库为例进行的综合评价表明生态安全隶属于“安全”的程度最大,通过综合评价中间结果的计算分析,找出导致生态危险的薄弱因素是人类活动影响较大。     

Biotransfer of heavy metals along a soil-plant-insect-chicken food chain：Field study

The study investigated the accumulation and transfer of Pb,Zn,Cu,and Cd along a soil-plant-insect-chicken food chain at contaminated sites.The study site nearing the Pb/Zn mine had been contaminated by heavy metals severely.Cadmium and Pb concentrations steadily declined with increasing trophic level (p<0.01),but concentrations of Zn and Cu slightly increased from plant to insect larva (p>0.05).The concentrations of heavy metals were the highest in chicken muscle,with lower values in liver and blood.Bioaccumulation of Pb was observed in the chicken livers.The eliminations of Pb,Zn,Cu,and Cd via insect and chicken feces avoid metal bioaccumulation in insect and chicken body.These results suggest that the accumulation of heavy metals in specific animal organ of tissues could not be neglected,although transfer of metals to chicken from plant and insect is limited.     

城市生态安全评价研究

城市生态安全是指城市生态环境支撑条件以及所面临生态环境问题不对其生存和发展造成威胁，即城市生态系统功能和过程能够满足其持续生存与发展需求。以佛山市为例，选择了资源、环境、生物和灾害等因素，各因素再选择若干评价要素，采用几何平均法计算了城市生态系统安全指数。资源安全评价选择了能源、水资源和粮食等要素，其安全指数为0．22；环境安全评价选择了水环境、大气环境、固体废物和农业环境，其安全指数为0．58；生物安全因素安全评价选择了生物多样性保护、外来入侵物种、森林植被等要素，其安全指数为0．30；选择水土流失、地质灾害、气象灾害和生物灾害等要素进行生态灾害安全评价，指数为0．79；佛山市生态安全综合指数为0．42。研究还表明，生态安全评价宜根据最小限制因子定律，选择关键影响因子进行评价。     

餐厨垃圾发酵液强化潮汐流人工湿地对污水厂尾水脱氮效能

采用餐厨垃圾发酵液(food waste fermentation liquid, FWFL)作为潮汐流人工湿地(tidal flow constructed wetland, TFCW)外加碳源,考察其对污水处理厂尾水湿地脱氮效果的影响,并通过湿地氮转化速率、酶活性测定及微生物群落结构分析探究其机理。结果表明：投加FWFL后人工湿地中TN、NO₃^--N、TP的去除率分别提高了15.7%~36.2%、3.3%~42.3%、11.2%~45.8%,且FWFL的添加不会对出水NH₄⁺-N和COD产生显著影响;FWFL可改善TFCW低温时的脱氮效果;投加FWFL后TFCW的反硝化速率、反硝化酶活性以及电子传递系统活性均有所提高,TFCW微生物的丰富度和多样性明显提高,微生物群落结构也趋于稳定,反硝化菌群大量增加。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)与念珠菌门(Candidatus Saccharribacteria)为优势菌门,水杆菌属(Aquabacterium)与产丁酸盐细菌属(Saccharibacteria genera incertae sedis)为优势菌属。     

安全管理在企业发展不同时期的重要性分析

本文从安全管理的现状分析了安全管理的必要性,用层次分析法分析了企业发展不同时期影响因素的权重,定量地分析了安全管理的重要性。