浅谈内蒙古环境保护信息化走向

本文对内蒙古自治区和包头市环境保护信息化发展条件、现实状况和不足作了分析；提出了制定“数字环保规划”、推广使用国家环境监理信息系统、建立黄河监测和监理信息系统和提高人员信息化素质等建议。     

基于国家粮食安全的长江三角洲地区耕地保护探讨

从经济增长规律与发展阶段来看,作为中国经济发展的核心区域之一,长江三角洲地区耕地的减少趋势还将持续一定时期。分析了长江三角洲地区粮食及耕地现状,通过相关性分析得到耕地预测模型,并预测了未来耕地变化态势,揭示出耕地损失率高峰值将在“十一五”期间出现。通过国家粮食安全的态势判断以及长江三角洲地区耕地减少与国家粮食安全之间的关系分析,得出长江三角洲地区耕地面积的减少所导致的粮食减产对国家粮食安全的影响较小,而国家粮食安全水平的变化会影响长江三角洲地区的粮食有效供给的结论。从而提出耕地保护的思路：“十一五”期间,长江三角洲地区应采取积极的保护政策;进入“十二五”之后,耕地保护政策应转为严格控制。为此,还提出了重在保护质量、保护其生态景观功能、加大后备资源开发、减少非农占用、加强政策管理等对策建议。     

2015-2019年汾渭平原臭氧污染状况分析

基于全国空气质量监测网数据,分析了2015-2019年汾渭平原11个城市臭氧(O3)污染状况.结果 表明:2015-2019年,汾渭平原11个城市O3平均浓度总体呈升高趋势,年平均升高12.2 μg/m3,其中,2017-2019年均超过二级标准限值(160μg/m3).O3单项污染物的空气质量分指数占空气质量指数的比...     

国家公园领域财政事权划分改革研究

随着自然保护地的整合优化和财政体制改革的深入推进,对国家公园领域财政事权和支出责任进行明确划分、界定,对于建立健全国家公园领域资金保障机制具有重要意义,有助于建立政府间权责明晰、协同有序的国家公园治理体系。本文在梳理我国国家公园领域财政事权清单、分析财政支出责任划分现状及存在问题的基础上,根据中央有关国家公园事权的文件以及部门机构职责、中央和地方财政关系的制度特点,提出我国国家公园领域政府间财政事权和支出责任划分的总体思路与政策建议,为建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系提供决策参考。     

Bearing Witness? Polar Bears as Icons for Climate Change Communication in National Geographic

This article investigates how polar bears were established as icons of climate change in the popular science magazine National Geographic. In a multistep process, anthropomorphized depictions first established polar bears as subjects of identification. Then, polar bears were visually connected to the endangered Arctic. Finally, they emerged as ambassadors of a threatened ecosystem and icons of climate change. I highlight the wider political contexts of this process of iconization and the semiotic and cultural resources on which it draws, showing what kind of climate change communication the polar bear icon enables or inhibits. The icon lends itself to being deployed in visual communication strategies creating personal concern and public awareness for climate change. At the same time, the icon fosters an individualized, emotionalized, and localized account of climate change but does not make its wider causes visible.     

Advanced driver assistance systems for teen drivers: A national survey of teen and parent perceptions

Abstract

Objective: Recently developed advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have the potential to compensate for teen driving errors and reduce overall crash risk. To date, very limited research has been conducted on the suitability of ADAS for teen drivers—the population most likely to benefit from such systems. The opportunity for ADAS to reduce the frequency and severity of crashes involving teen drivers is hindered when there is a lack of trust, acceptance, and use of those technologies. Therefore, there is a need to study teen and parent perceptions of ADAS to help identify and overcome any potential barriers to ADAS use.

Methods: A U.S. national survey was developed based on themes from previously conducted teen and parent ADAS focus groups. Survey topics included trust in ADAS, effect of ADAS on teen driver safety and driving behavior, effect of ADAS on skill development, data privacy, and cybersecurity. Responses included 5-point Likert scales and open-ended questions. The survey was managed through an online respondent panel by ResearchNow. Eligibility criteria included licensed teens (16–19 years) and parents of licensed teens. Teen and parent responses were compared using chi-square statistics in SAS 9.4.

Results: Two thousand and three (teens?=?1,000; parents?=?1,003) respondents qualified for and completed the survey between September 1 and September 20, 2017. Overall, teens (72%) and parents (61%) felt that ADAS would have a positive impact on transportation. However, teens were more likely to exhibit a positive outlook on ADAS, whereas parents were more likely to have a negative outlook (P?<?.01). Teens felt that ADAS would be useful during bad weather or drowsy driving but were less concerned than parents about ADAS intervention during their own risky driving (P?<?.01). The majority of teens (65%) and parents (71%) agreed that teens should learn to drive on vehicles without ADAS, with parents being more likely to agree than teens (P?<?.01). Parents (55%) were more likely than teens (47%) to be concerned about insurance companies keeping track of teen driving data (P?<?.01). Most respondents exhibited some concern of ADAS being susceptible to hacking (57%).

Conclusions: This study represents the first effort to quantify ADAS perceptions among teen drivers and their parents at the U.S. national level. These data highlight potential barriers to ADAS use among teen drivers, including a relative disinterest among teens for ADAS intervention during risky driving as well as concerns among both teens and parents that ADAS will inhibit skill development. These survey findings will help inform educational programs to accelerate fleet turnover and provide the foundation for ADAS optimization and evaluation studies among sociodemographic groups.     

建设秦岭国家中央公园的探究

通过对秦岭的综合分析,借鉴国外＂国家公园＂的建设经验,从秦岭目前开发现状存在的问题及其原因进行分析研究,提出应成立国家秦岭管理局,科学开发保护秦岭,分不同区域建设秦岭国家中央公园;在发展生态旅游的同时,积极整合资源,争取加入世界人与生物圈,联合申遗,推动秦岭走向世界,从而实现秦岭地区人与自然的可持续发展。     

Conceptual Framework of Tourism Carrying Capacity for a Tourism City： Experiences from National Parks in the United States

There is no universally-accepted definition of tourism carrying capacity(TCC).Numerical TCC focuses on use level and is considered as"a magic number"of the saturation point for tourism.There are several reasons why numerical tourism capacity is inadequate.Alternatively,tourism capacity can be defined in terms of limits of acceptable change,which shifts the focus from"how much use is too much"to"how much change is acceptable".This article proposes an improved conceptual framework for evaluating carrying capacity for the tourism city based on approaches used in US national parks,which consider the impact of human use on a city's economic,environmental/resource,and socio-cultural conditions.Based on the basic data of indicator values and relevant standards,the framework monitors the current indicators and predicts future indicator values; it can also be used to assess and predict TCC.     

新空气质量标准实施后空气质量自动监测质保审核的建立探讨

根据上海市空气自动监测网络由市级中心站负责子站和区/县级监测站自建子站共同组成和两级管理的结构特点,上海自2006年开始实施对空气自动监测子站的年度质保审核,并在实践中持续改进和完善。以上海为例对新环境空气质量标准实施和AQI实时发布背景下完整的空气质量自动监测QA/QC体系中的质保审核的建立实施及其效果进行讨论。     

谈苏州市环境监测从标准化到基本现代化的探索

阐述苏州市环境监测站标准化建设的主要成效、经验和成果,以及在环境监测基本现代化建设方面的探索和实践,对巩固标准化建设成果、迈向环境监测基本现代化进行了进一步探讨和研究。