河北省自然灾害危险性分析及其在主体功能区划评价中的应用

自然灾害危险性是主体功能区划评判的基础指标之一,用于反映特定区域自然灾害发生的可能性和灾害损失的严重性,是评价区域开发支撑条件的一个重要指标。在分析自然灾害危险性指标评价方法、流程及其在主体功能区划评价中的作用的基础上,依据河北省的自然环境特点及主要自然灾害情况,选取其主要灾害要素为评价对象,利用G IS技术对河北省自然灾害危险性进行了综合分析,并在此基础上综合评价了河北省自然灾害对区域发展的影响。     

Using a zeolite medium biofilter to remove organic pollutant and ammonia simultaneously

IntroductionWatershortageproblemisquiteseriousinmanycitiesofChina .Thereuseofmunicipalwastewaterisoneofthekeymethodstoreleasethisproblem .Makeupwaterforrecirculatingcoolingsystemisthelargestwaterusageinmanyfactories .Thewaterqualitystandardsforreclaimedwa…     

基于信息融合的自然灾害等级评估方法研究

为对自然灾害灾情等级进行准确评估,在BP神经网络模型的基础上,结合DS证据理论建立基于信息融合的自然灾害灾情等级评估模型。该模型通过对输入的灾害评估指标数据进行分类,建立网络组,对网络组的输出,建立对于各类信任度的基本概率分配函数,最后利用DS证据理论融合,从而实现灾害的最终等级评估。在MATLAB环境下,以我国45个自然灾害的灾情历史资料数据为训练样本进行模型训练,并对2009年自然灾害灾情进行评估测试。结果表明,该模型能改善单一BP神经网络不稳定、误差大的缺点,得到较优的结果。     

Toward sustainable use of natural resources: Nexus between resource rents,affluence, energy intensity and carbon emissions in developing and transition economies

Sustainable use of natural resources would entail ensuring that derived economic benefits today do not undermine the welfare of generations to come. On this basis, this study examines the nexus between natural resource rents and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions disaggregated into production and consumption-based (i.e., trade-adjusted) CO₂ emissions for a selected panel of 45 developing and transition economies over the period 1995–2017. The empirical model also incorporates the impacts of population, affluence, and energy intensity. The results show that affluence increases production-based CO₂ emissions by 1.407%, with the EKC's predicted inverted U-shaped curve only explaining consumption-based CO₂ emissions. Economic reliance on natural resource rents and energy intensification contribute 0.022% and 0.766%, respectively, to CO₂ emissions embedded in territorial production inventories and 0.035% and 0.583%, respectively, to CO₂ emissions embedded in consumption inventories. The bootstrap non-causality test shows that historical data on each variable has significant predictive power for future CO₂ emissions from both sources. The historical information about natural resource rents has significant predictive power over the future levels of affluence and energy intensity. Clearly, the results show that the environmental impact of natural resource rents is stronger when CO₂ emissions are adjusted for trade and varies among the countries, with Bangladesh, Guinea, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe among the most affected countries. Overall, this study provides motivation for policies to keep the use of natural resources within sustainable limits.     

Integrating channel design and assessment methods based on sediment transport capacity in gravel bed streams

Natural channel design (NCD) and analytical channel design (ACD) are two competing approaches to stable channel design that share fundamental similarities in accounting for sediment transport processes with designs based on hybrid fluvial geomorphology and hydraulic engineering methods. In this paper, we highlight the linkage between ACD's capacity/supply ratio (CSR) and NCD's sediment capacity models (FLOWSED/POWERSED), illustrating how ACD and NCD have reached a point of convergent evolution within the stream restoration toolbox. We modified an existing CSR analytical spreadsheet tool which enabled us to predict relative channel stability using both conventional bed load transport equations and regional sediment regression curves. The stable channel design solutions based on measured data most closely matched the Parker (ACD) and/or Pagosa good/fair (NCD) relationships, which also showed the greatest CSR sensitivity in response to channel alterations. We found that CSR differences among the transport relationships became more extreme the further the design width deviated from the supply reach, suggesting that a stable upstream supply reach may serve as the best design analog. With this paper, we take a step toward resolving lingering controversy in the field of stream restoration, advancing the science and practice by reconciling key differences between ACD and NCD in the context of reach scale morphodynamics.     

垃圾填埋场对地下水污染的模拟研究

在对长春市某垃圾填埋场进行野外调查的基础上 ,于室内进行了垃圾淋滤模拟实验。分析了垃圾渗滤液污染组分的自然衰减规律 ,建立了垃圾填埋场地下水污染的数值模型 ,采用FEFLOW软件对其进行模拟和预报 ,并取得了较好的效果 ,最后提出防止和防治垃圾填埋场污染地下水的若干措施。     

Indian dye yielding plants: Efforts and opportunities

The present review article deals with the information on the dye‐yielding plants of India. Dyes are intensively coloured compounds that are applied to a substrate such as fibre, paper, cosmetics, hair, etc. to give colours and can be extracted from the roots, fruits/berries, bark, leaves, flowers, and stem/wood, fungi, and lichens by various processes of extractions. In addition to their dye‐yielding characteristics, many of these plants possess medicinal values and can be used for multiple other purposes. Plant derived‐colours have an important role in human life because of their safe and eco‐friendly nature. But due to the availability of economically cheaper synthetic dyes, the indigenous knowledge of extraction, processing, and proper utilisation has been diminished. Nowadays, the demand for natural dyes has been increased worldwide due to awareness about their beneficial properties. It has been essential that proper documentation and measure of conservation should be undertaken to preserve these natural dye‐yielding plants. This review article is an aid to a collective inquiry into Indian dye plants.     

后疫情时期全国碳市场政策对经济和排放的影响

新冠肺炎疫情暴发一年多以来,国际国内形势仍面临极大不确定性。疫情显著降低了短期排放水平,但是经济恢复政策和疫情发展形势的不确定使得对未来经济发展和碳排放的判断变得复杂,碳排放是否会反弹对实现《巴黎协定》目标造成挑战,已经投入运行的全国碳市场能多大程度发挥政策效果等问题值得关注。本文首先定量评估了疫情对经济和环境的短期和长期的影响,基于此分析疫情后全国碳市场政策的实施效果。结果显示:疫情造成中国经济活动以及碳排放短期显著下降,2020年中国全年的GDP增长较基准情景下降3.84%,能源消费和碳排放分别较基准情景下降4.47%和5.12%。但是,接下来的十年内,GDP会逐渐恢复至基准情景,累计碳排放较基准情景增加0.06%。在没有其他气候政策干预的情况下,疫情带来的短期减排效应不足以保障中国各项气候目标的实现,落实碳市场政策十分必要。疫情之后启动全国碳市场,可以促进投资、减少能源使用和碳排放,到2030年,能源消费将下降7.44%,碳排放下降10.49%,碳价为229.73元/t。国外疫情若在2021年还不能得到控制,将会继续影响中国的对外贸易,使得中国GDP损失略有提高,但不会改变国内疫情之后经济恢复的大趋势。     

天然气水合物水力提升中继舱舱体沉积安全性分析

针对天然气水合物水力提升过程中中继舱部件的沉积安全性问题,为了避免中继舱因沉积过多而导致整个提升系统的瘫痪,利用流场模拟软件CFD,分析了不同结构对中继舱内部流场的影响,对比了正方体、球体和圆柱体3种不同中继舱结构下的颗粒沉积情况、内部流速分布、粗细颗粒以及海水体积分数分布情况,得出圆柱体结构的安全性要优于另外两种结构。研究了圆柱体结构在不同工况下的沉积情况与安全性。结果表明:增加粗颗粒浓度,粗颗粒直径以及粗颗粒的密度都会导致中继舱沉积厚度增加,安全性降低,而增加进口速度则会导致中继舱沉积厚度减小,安全性有所提高。     

再生自然资源代际可持续利用的经济分析与制度安排--以渔业资源为例

自然资源由于其较强的公共性和外部性而使其因代际问题所导致的私有市场失灵比一般的产品严重,原因是自然资源代际利用中当代人都倾向于最大限度使用资源,从而引发自然资源“公地悲剧”问题比一般产品严重。再生自然资源虽然在代际利用中的利益冲突比非再生自然资源低,但代际问题所带来的市场失灵依然存在。因此,再生自然资源的代际可持续利用需要政府依据其经济特性进行一定的规制,制订出合理的使用制度。以渔业资源为例,在沙发尔（Schaefer）模型的基础上,利用成本——效益的经济学分析法,分析了再生自然资源代际可持续利用中的成本与收益,提出再生自然资源代际可持续使用的制度安排和优化措施,包括边际成本动态规制、明确界分所有权、实施可交易配额和公共补偿性规制。