我国世界自然遗产地旅游业环境经济核算思路

目前,各级地方政府及旅游经营者对中国世界自然遗产地旅游价值的开发力度大,自然遗产地旅游经济发展异常繁荣,同时也带来了自然遗产地环境退化、资源破坏的严重后果。而用来衡量地区经济发展状况的传统旅游业经济核算结果仅体现旅游经济的增长与否及尺度,而忽略了旅游经济增长同时的环境、资源损耗。现借用SEEA 2000框架,结合中国国情,提出中国世界自然遗产地环境经济核算的框架,经过重新整合,突出优质而独具特色的自然环境部分的环境资产类在自然遗产地旅游业中的生产性资产地位,将原SEEA 2000中拆分核算的5大部分、10大步骤整合为4大部分、9大步骤,并对其当前可操作性进行了客观分析。并指出,虽然目前详尽执行世界自然遗产地环境经济核算有一定难度,但理清核算思路具有现实指导意义。     

天然和巯基改性沸石吸附水溶液中重金属Hg^2＋的特征研究

为了提高沸石对汞的吸附性,利用半胱胺盐酸盐对天然斜发沸石进行改性,制得巯基改性沸石。研究了吸附剂用量、pH值、温度、Hg^2＋浓度和吸附时间对沸石和巯基改性沸石吸附Hg^2＋的影响,并进一步研究了吸附机理。结果表明,巯基改性沸石吸附Hg^2＋受pH值、温度的影响较小,吸附机制主要是沸石表面的硫与Hg^2＋的化学反应。而天然沸石对Hg^2＋的吸附主要是离子交换作用,受温度、pH值等的影响较大,随温度的升高吸附量下降。整个吸附过程以较快的速度进行。天然沸石在吸附时间为1h、巯基改性沸石在0．5h时基本达到吸附平衡。吸附条件试验和Langmuir等温吸附模型都表明,巯基改性沸石对Hg^2＋的吸附能力得到了很大的提高,吸附容量由8．06mg／g提高到19．88mg／g,提高了146．65％。     

Recreation benefits of natural area characteristics at the El Yunque National Forest

The paper applies the Contingent Valuation Method using a visitor survey to determine trip values to three rivers in northeastern Puerto Rico. Sample data were obtained from 984 interviews conducted in 13 sites during the summer months. The trip value is statistically decomposed into components representing natural features and recreation activities. The median net economic value of a river visit without waterfalls or foot trails is $96. Recreation at rivers with both waterfalls and foot trails has a median value of $138 per trip. The presence of waterfalls accounts for $23 and foot trails $19 per trip. This information can be pertinent for managers in selecting recreation site locations and protecting them from competing uses.     

中国农业自然灾害综合区划方案

根据作者提出的全国农业自然灾害综合区划的思路。以自然地理素形成基本单元,结合自然灾害报刊数据库系统,运用自而上区域合并的方法、得到了全国自然灾害区划小区;运用自上而下区域划分的方法,将全国农业自然灾害划分为５个大区、２３个区和１１０个小区,得到了全国农业自然灾害综合区划方案。     

Identification and spatial patterns of coastal water pollution sources based on GIS and chemometric approach

Comprehensive and joint applications of GIS and chemometric approach were applied in identification and spatial patterns of coastal water pollution sources with a large data set （5 years （2000-2004）, 17 parameters） obtained through coastal water monitoring of Southern Water Control Zone in Hong Kong. According to cluster analysis the pollution degree was significantly different between September-next May （the 1st period） and June-August （the 2nd period）. Based on these results, four potential pollution sources, such as organic/eutrophication pollution, natural pollution, mineral/anthropic pollution and fecal pollution were identified by factor analysis/principal component analysis. Then the factor scores of each monitoring site were analyzed using inverse distance weighting method, and the results indicated degree of the influence by various potential pollution sources differed among the monitoring sites. This study indicated that hybrid approach was useful and effective for identification of coastal water pollution source and spatial patterns.     

郊野公园作为城市自然保留地的价值分析

城市自然保留地（urban natural reserved area）是指城市地区范围内具有一定面积的自然或近自然区域,具有保持生物多样性、乡土物种保护和保存复杂基因库等重要的生态功能。郊野公园作为城市自然保留地的重要组成,在生态、游憩、乡土植物、研究教育等方面具有重要的价值。本文分析了郊野公园在这些方面的价值,并介绍了香港的郊野公园建设,最后对郊野公园的建设提出了建议。     

装备全寿命期自然环境试验工作的管理

介绍了国内外自然环境试验工作管理的的现状;分析了自然环 境试验在装备全寿命期不同阶段的作用,提出了自然环境试验工作 管理流程的设想;对涉及的订购方、承制方、试验与评价机构和环境 工程专家的职责进行了讨论;对搞好自然环境试验工作管理提出建 议。     

Assessment of mammal reproduction for hunting sustainability through community‐based sampling of species in the wild

Wildlife subsistence hunting is a major source of protein for tropical rural populations and a prominent conservation issue. The intrinsic rate of natural increase. (r_max) of populations is a key reproductive parameter in the most used assessments of hunting sustainability. However, researchers face severe difficulties in obtaining reproductive data in the wild, so these assessments often rely on classic reproductive rates calculated mostly from studies of captive animals conducted 30 years ago. The result is a flaw in almost 50% of studies, which hampers management decision making. We conducted a 15‐year study in the Amazon in which we used reproductive data from the genitalia of 950 hunted female mammals. Genitalia were collected by local hunters. We examined tissue from these samples to estimate birthrates for wild populations of the 10 most hunted mammals. We compared our estimates with classic measures and considered the utility of the use of r_max in sustainability assessments. For woolly monkey (Lagothrix poeppigii) and tapir (Tapirus terrestris), wild birthrates were similar to those from captive populations, whereas birthrates for other ungulates and lowland‐paca (Cuniculus paca) were significantly lower than previous estimates. Conversely, for capuchin monkeys (Sapajus macrocephalus), agoutis (Dasyprocta sp.), and coatis (Nasua nasua), our calculated reproductive rates greatly exceeded often‐used values. Researchers could keep applying classic measures compatible with our estimates, but for other species previous estimates of r_max may not be appropriate. We suggest that data from local studies be used to set hunting quotas. Our maximum rates of population growth in the wild correlated with body weight, which suggests that our method is consistent and reliable. Integration of this method into community‐based wildlife management and the training of local hunters to record pregnancies in hunted animals could efficiently generate useful information of life histories of wild species and thus improve management of natural resources.     

CaO调质污泥自然失水特性及数学模型研究

以城市污泥为对象,研究CaO添加比、空气流速及污泥堆积厚度对CaO调质污泥自然失水特性的影响。结果表明：污泥失水速率与空气流速、CaO添加比成正比,与堆积厚度成反比。基于Page模型建立的通用模型拟合值与实测值吻合较好,均方根误差为6.34%,能较好地模拟CaO调质污泥自然失水过程。根据Page模型计算出的污泥有效水分扩散系数为9.96×10⁻⁹~1.65×10⁻⁷,自然失水时间与CaO添加比、空气流速呈正相关,与污泥堆积厚度呈负相关。以单位失水量总费用为评价指标,采用MATLAB软件中Fmincon函数计算出单位失水量总费用最低时的最优干燥参数组合：CaO添加比为0.02,空气流速为0.6 m/s,污泥堆积厚度为7 mm。

     

常宁庙前自然风景区景观规划与设计

庙前自然风景区是常宁市天堂山旅游风景区的四大景区之一,它以自然地貌的溶洞、溶岩、峰谷、石林为景观特色,本文就充分利用这些奇特的自然景观资源进行了详细规划,并提出了切实可行的建议。