白洋淀自然保护区村庄环境综合整治研究

文章在实地调查、室内实验和查阅大量资料的基础上,从淀内生活垃圾、淀内污水排放、水产养殖业和畜禽养殖业和农药化肥施用5个方面存在的环境污染问题进行了比较深入的分析,同时认为白洋淀淀内污染已成为主要污染源。针对东田庄村具体情况,提出垃圾处理、污水处理工程、水产养殖和家禽养殖业、厕所粪便处理、岸坡的生态防护5个方面进行村庄整治,从而改变白洋淀村庄环境污染状况,保护白洋淀生态环境。     

深度及含水率对包气带砂层中柴油降解作用的影响

通过模拟砂柱实验,研究了不同深度及含水率砂层(包括细砂、中砂和粗砂)中的柴油降解特性.结果表明,介质的深度及含水率是影响柴油降解效率的重要因素.相同介质条件下,介质的含水率越大,其生物活性越强,生物作用降解柴油的效率越高.介质性质影响柴油在包气带介质中的降解效率,介质的颗粒越细,其降解柴油的能力越高,即细砂>中砂>粗砂...     

Judgement days: moral attitudes in the wake of local disasters

The deaths and destruction stemming from a disaster are traumatic enough to implicate victims' beliefs not only about disasters themselves but also about other social and political concerns. In particular, disasters are associated with the scapegoating of out‐groups, suggesting that even deep‐rooted moral concerns may shift, at least temporarily, after disasters. This study uses exposure to local natural disaster fatalities to examine moral judgements regarding gays¹ in United States surveys from 1984–98. Survey respondents whose county has suffered a disaster feel appreciably more negatively towards gays, even though most of the disasters in this data set are relatively small and local. The increased antipathy towards gays dissipates within months, and is most marked among those who had, before the disaster, considered themselves more religious. These results raise the possibility that some groups, especially those already marginalised by society, may suffer in a backlash in the wake of a natural disaster.     

Towards a natural disaster intervention and recovery framework

Contemporary responses to facilitate long‐term recovery from large‐scale natural disasters juxtapose between those of humanitarian agencies and governments and those of the affected community. The extent to which these mechanisms articulate is crucial to the recovery propensity of the affected communities. This research examines such action by exploring the relationship between the scale of post‐disaster response interventions, the extent of community participation in them, and their impact on community recovery, using a community wealth capital framework. The investigation was applied to a study of the longer‐term community recovery of the island of Vilufushi, Republic of Maldives, which was almost completely destroyed by the Indian Ocean tsunami of 26 December 2004. Data were analysed through the employment of a pattern match technique and a holistic recovery network analysis. The research framework, informed by the case‐study results, other long‐term recovery evaluations, and existing resilience theory, is reconfigured as a testable roadmap for future post‐disaster interventions.     

Removal of dispersant-stabilized carbon nanotubes by regular coagulants

Coagulation followed by sedimentation, as a conventional technique in the water treatment plant, can be the first line of defense against exposures of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to aquatic organisms and human beings, which has been rarely documented. This study investigated the removal of dispersant-stabilized CNT suspensions by poly aluminum chloride (PACl) and KAl(SO₄)₂. 12H₂O (alum), with a focus on the effects of dispersant type, coagulant type and dosage. PACl performed better than alum in the removal of tannic acid-, humic acid-, and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate-stabilized CNTs, but worse for polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether (TX100)-stabilized CNTs. Neither coagulant could effectively precipitate cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide-stabilized CNTs. The removal by PACl first increased up to a plateau and then decreased with the continued increase of coagulant dosage. However, the removal rates leveled off but did not decrease after achieving their highest level with the continued addition of alum. The coagulation and flocculation of the CNT suspensions by PACl could be regulated mainly by the mechanism of adsorption charge neutralization, whereas the coagulation by alum mainly involved electrical double-layer compression.     

污染源位置对气体污染物影响的数值模拟

在自然通风、置换通风和单侧送侧回式通风3种方式下,通过改变污染源位置,运用CFD软件模拟研究了办公室内苯污染物的浓度分布规律,比较得出最佳通风方式下的最合理污染源位置。结果表明,3种通风方式下污染源放置的最合理位置是点3;苯污染源处于位置3时,3种通风方式中自然通风各平面苯污染物平均浓度普遍相对最高,而单侧送侧回方式的相对最低,置换通风居于二者之间。最终确定单侧送侧回通风方式下污染源处于位置3时为最佳物理模型,在该模型下办公室内通风效果最好,能够有效地排出室内气体污染物。因此,不同污染源位置对办公室内空气品质的影响不同。     

普光净化厂加氢进料燃烧炉耐火衬里安全改造

介绍了天然气净化厂尾气处理单元加氢进料燃烧炉的结构及衬里形式,以及燃烧炉使用初期出现部分衬里损坏、下沉,甚至脱落的现象,导致燃烧炉外壁超温,影响装置正常生产;提出改造方案,解决了大型加氢进料燃烧炉衬里存在的问题。     

五大连池地区天然矿泉生态环境评价

五大连池矿泉是世界著名的三大冷矿泉之一,是中国十分宝贵的地下矿产资源。具有极为广阔的市场前景。对于科研、旅游、生产都有着十分重要的意义。但是在不断的开发过程中也造成诸如水质下降,生态环境的破坏等一系列问题。因此本文选取五大连池地区60处天然矿泉进行基础生态环境调查与评估工作,并根据天然矿泉周围的生态环境和污染程度分为4类。主要讨论五大连池地区天然矿泉资源周围的生态状况及存在的问题,并制定了相应的保护对策。     

Comparative experimental analysis of the effect of convective heat losses on the performance of parabolic dish water heater

This paper reveals comparative experimental analysis of the effect of variation of natural and forced convection heat losses on the performance of prototype parabolic dish water heater with coated and non-coated receivers. With the above-described system, hot water needs in domestic applications can be fulfilled instantly. A parabolic dish collector was used for instant water heating. Design of solar parabolic dish collector consists of truncated cone-shaped helical coiled receiver made up of copper at focal point. Instantaneous efficiency of 63% and 48% has been achieved with coated and non-coated receivers. This prototype has been evaluated for its performance with water flow rate of 0.0076 kg/s during the months of April and May 2010 at Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India (latitude: 16.42° North, longitude: 74.13° West).     

生态资产核算与生态补偿机制研究

生态资产是实现人类可持续发展的重要基础,如何科学评估和核算生态资产并建立生态补偿机制具有重要的学术价值与现实意义。本文从厘清生态资产的概念与范畴出发,梳理了有关生态资产核算方法与生态补偿机制的研究进展,并对下一步研究的重点提出了相关建议。本文认为,加强城市群生态资产相关研究很有必要,建议从生态资产空间流转与代谢的视角出发,综合考虑宏观方法与微观方法相结合,定量化评估生态资产的存量和流量,刻画生态资产的空间流转路径与代谢网络关系,深入分析关键利益相关方的价值偏好,构建市场化生态资产补偿机制,为实现生态资产合理利用提供重要的理论参考与实证参照。