京尼平对丝素蛋白交联的染色作用

京尼平是一种环烯醚萜类化合物,能够与氨基酸反应生成蓝色素.制备的无色丝素蛋白溶液与京尼平溶液混合后,溶液显蓝紫色.利用紫外可见光光谱和荧光光谱,分析了整个反应过程,考察了温度、酸碱度等影响因素,并对颜色产物对光照的稳定性进行了分析,初步探讨了京尼平对丝素蛋白交联染色作用的机制.结果显示:生成的颜色产物在590 nm处具有特征光吸收,高温和碱性条件有利于反应的进行;交联产物的颜色与反应时pH相关,酸性条件下偏蓝色,碱性条件下偏紫色;生成的颜色产物具有较高的稳定性,于自然光强下放置一个月或5 000 lx光强照射6 h.590 nm吸收值减小不显著.丝素蛋白的内源荧光显著降低,表明反应导致丝素蛋白构象的剧烈变化.京尼平可能与丝素蛋白中某些氨基酸侧链基团反应形成稳定的颜色产物.研究结果对环烯醚萜类化合物用于蚕丝染色具有一定的指导意义.图5表1参18     

Pyrene partition behavior to the NOM: Effect of NOM characteristics and its modification by ozone preoxidation

Hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs)—pyrene, and natural organic matters (NOM) from different sources were taken as the test compounds to investigate the impact of physicochemical characteristics of NOM on HOCs’ partition to the NOM in this study. The effects of solution property, NOM characteristics, and modification by ozone preoxidation on pyrene partition to NOM were systematically evaluated. According to the fluorescence quenching method, the partition coefficient K _oc of pyrene to NOM was calculated, which was found to have a great relationship with the aromatic structures and hydrophobic functional groups of the NOM. The NOM characteristic modification corresponding to solution property could influence the interactions between the NOM and pyrene. Preozonation could destroy the aromatic or hydrophobic structures of the NOM and decrease K _oc of pyrene.     

区域自然灾害综合风险模糊随机评价方法

从自然灾害危险性、社会经济易损性和区域设防等多种角度建立了区域自然灾害综合风险评价指标体系。针对典型自然灾害综合风险评价影响因素具有随机性、模糊性和数据资料不精确等多种不确定性,利用蒙特卡洛方法模拟三角模糊数,把三角模糊数及其函数之间的运算简化为普通的实数之间的运算,从而建立区域自然灾害综合风险模糊随机评价模型。研究表明,在评价结果一致的前提下以置信区间形式表示的综合风险评价结果比其他常规方法,提供的信息更加丰富,充分反映了受多种不确定性因素综合影响的区域自然灾害综合风险评价的客观实际情况,研究结果可为区域防御自然灾害与提升综合抗灾能力提供决策依据。     

天然气管道泄漏爆炸实验分析

天然气管道失效造成泄漏爆炸给周围人员带来非常严重的危害,对其危害范围的研究对输气管道设计和运行具有重要的意义。常见的天然气管道泄漏爆炸伤害半径计算方法有蒸气云爆炸(VCE)定量评价模型、TNO多能法评价模型、API pub 581定量后果评价模型和炸药爆炸经验公式。为验证不同评价模型在受限空间的预测效果,利用天然气爆炸试验台进行了受限空间爆炸实验,得到最大压强与距离经验关系,计算出天然气浓度为7%、9%和11%情况下爆炸死亡半径。计算结果与不同经验模型预测结果比较,表明当天然气浓度为7%~11%时,蒸气云爆炸(VCE)定量评价模型和炸药爆炸经验模型与实验结果最为接近,误差分别为-113%和189%,TNO多能法评价模型和API pub 581定量后果评价模型预测结果偏小。结论对有限空间天然气管道爆炸研究具有实际意义。     

车用LNG气瓶的定期检验技术

针对车用液化天然气（LNG）气瓶定期检验的特殊要求,制定出定期检验项目及相应的检验方法。重点对车LNG气瓶静态蒸发率的测试方法进行研究,并给出评判标准。研究成果为车用LNG气瓶的安全应用提供保障,为车用LNG气瓶定期检验标准的制定提供理论依据。     

城市自然生态空间的价值评估及规划启示

城市自然生态空间是城市生态文明建设重要的物质基础。在规划过程中,应该将城市自然生态空间的生态价值评估作为城市规划的重要理论基础,通过相应的规划方法引导城市生态化建设和品质提升。文章通过对城市自然生态空间的界定,以及对城市自然生态空间生态价值评估的理论模型的研究,提出对规划建设的启示：积极构建城市自然生态空间统一的评估指标体系和建立适应中国本土的动态评估模型能够理性的指导城市的生态化建设,同时通过对城市自然生态空间的价值评估能够科学制定城市生态调控政策和正确引导公共参与城市生态化建设。     

When information becomes action: drivers of individuals' trust in broadcast versus peer‐to‐peer information in disaster response

Information and communications technology (ICT), primarily mobile telephones and social media, is increasingly important in crisis and disaster response in developing countries. This fact raises an important question: in an information environment that includes traditional media such as radio and television, who are the people that trust information from ICT enough to act on it during a disaster? Drawing on a case study of and original survey data from the island nation of the Independent State of Samoa, this paper yields insights into who uses new technologies, particularly mobile telephones, to make decisions at the local level during crises such as natural disasters, as well as the socio‐political factors that motivate their behaviour. The results add to the growing pool of knowledge on utilisation of ICT and new technologies in developing countries for disaster response, and provide practical information on the social and political factors that lead people to trust different information sources and media.     

Spatial and temporal analysis of natural hazard mortality in Nepal

The impacts of natural hazards are typically measured in terms of loss of human lives and economic damage, and recent studies demonstrate that deaths attributed to natural hazards have increased. Using the publicly available DesInventar database, we examined spatial and temporal patterns of natural hazard mortality from 1971 to 2011 at the district and village levels of Nepal and identified natural hazards that contributed most to mortality. Spatial clusters of mortality at the district and village levels were detected using local and global spatial autocorrelation measures (Moran's I). Landslides (41.91%) and floods (32.52%) accounted for approximately three quarters of natural hazard mortalities over the study period. A Global Moran's I test positively confirmed clustering at both the district (0.199, p?p?相似文献   

地下综合管廊天然气管道泄漏扩散模拟研究

为了研究管道异常泄漏时天然气的扩散情况,采用Fluent软件模拟研究不同压力条件下气体在管舱内的浓度分布特性,核算保护半径为7.5 m时的报警探测器在灾变时的响应时间,以达到指导报警探测器设计的目的。结果表明:当泄漏压力为103.3 kPa,200.0 kPa时,对应的报警响应时间分别为2.15 s,0.45 s,报警响应时间随着泄漏压力的增大而减小,在常规中压输出压力下,响应时间最大值为2.15 s;同一泄漏压力下,管舱内气体扩散距离与泄漏持续时间成正相关;报警探测器的响应浓度以爆炸下限的20%为推荐值。     

我国城市天然气替代燃煤集中供暖的大气污染减排效果

基于国家发改委“天然气利用政策”中的天然气利用领域,利用等热值替代方法计算不同领域天然气替代后的污染物减排效果,从大气污染减排角度对天然气各个利用领域的优先次序重新排列,并对2010年全国15个重点供暖城市天然气替代燃煤集中供暖的大气污染物减排量进行测算.结论表明:天然气集中供暖的大气污染减排效果排序处于前列,城市利用天然气替代燃煤集中供暖对CO2、颗粒物(PM)、SO2和NOx都有较明显的减排效果.2010年我国15个重点城市如果采用天然气集中供暖,共可减少CO2排放量2190.71万t、颗粒物(PM)排放量734.24万t、SO2排放量40.21万t、NOx排放量22.56万t.