钢铁企业富余煤气制甲醇与二甲醚的研究

利用钢铁联合企业的富余煤气,制甲醇与二甲醚.提出合理可行的工艺方案,进行主要物料消耗计算和成本估算,得出在工艺上和经济上可行的结论.项目的实施,能实现钢铁联合企业资源综合利用,提高企业的经济效益,同时对实现能源的多样化、发展新型清洁能源、改善生态环境都具有重要意义,其经济效益和社会效益显著.     

Integrated nutrient management and waste recycling for restoring soil fertility and productivity in Japanese mint and mustard sequence in Uttar Pradesh, India

Supplementing the nutrient requirement of crops through organic manures plays a key role in sustaining soil fertility, and crop productivity and reducing use of fossil fuels. Field experiments were conducted for 2 years at two different locations (i.e. Lucknow and Pantnagar) in Uttar Pradesh, India. The objectives of the study were to assess the herb and essential oil yields of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis cv. Hy 77), and its nutrient accumulation under single and combined applications of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers (NPK). Changes in physical and chemical characteristics of the soils (Fluvisols, Mollisols) were also determined. Eight treatments comprising different combinations of NPK through inorganic fertilizers and farm yard manure (FYM) were compared. The distilled waste of mint after extraction of essential oil was recycled to soils in the plots to supplement the nutritional requirement of the succeeding mustard crop (Brassica juncea cv. Pusa Bold). Herb and essential oil yield of mint were significantly higher with combined application of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients as compared to single applications. Accumulation of N and P was at par under full inorganic and combined supply whereas, K accumulation was higher with the former. Soil organic C and pH after harvest of mint did not significantly differ among the treatments, but the level of mineralizable N, Olsen-P and NH₄OAc extractable K were higher in soil with integrated supply of nutrients. Significant increase in soil water stable aggregates, organic C, available NPK and microbial biomass, and decrease in soil bulk density were observed with waste recycling over fertilizer application. These benefits were reflected in the seed and stubble yield of mustard which succeeded mint. This study indicates that combined application of inorganic fertilizers with organics helps in increasing the availability of nutrients and crop yield and provides a significant effect to the succeeding crop. Similarly, recycling crop residues reduces the need for fossil fuel based fertilizer, and helps in sustaining and restoring soil fertility in terms of available nutrients and major physical and chemical characteristics of the soil.     

An overview on industrial waste management in China

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Emergy evaluation of the environment and economy of Hong Kong

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河西走廊灌溉农业发展的水资源承载能力分析

论文采用模糊综合评判方法,对河西走廊灌溉农业发展的水资源承载能力进行了分析,建立了评价的数学模型。研究表明,该区水资源开发利用已近于其饱和容量,发展节水灌溉,充分提高水的利用效率,是保障和发展干旱区农业的根本出路。     

大顶子山航电枢纽工程建库后上游水质总量控制研究

松花江大顶子山枢纽工程建设后,库区内水体流线及扩散规律的变化将影响库区内水质,受沿江排污影响,其规划目标的水环境容量将发生改变,因此对建库后上游水质总量控制进行研究很有意义.     

重庆城市餐厨垃圾管理对策的初步研究

餐厨垃圾对环境的污染和人们身心健康的危害日益显现,重庆市对餐厨垃圾的统一管理与处置基本还处于空白状态.本文介绍了国内外餐厨垃圾管理的政策和措施,剖析重庆城市餐厨垃圾污染的现状及原因,进而提出全市餐厨垃圾管理的总体思路,并着重从健全法律法规体系、转变政府管理职能、建立市场化机制及引导公众参与等方面提出了相应的对策建议.     

不同地域天然伊利石表面酸碱特性的比较

利用电位滴定技术和恒定容量表面络合模式表征不同来源天然伊利石的表面酸碱性质。鉴于固体基质在酸量滴定过程中发生溶解，相应的滴定上清液被视为体系空白。考虑到水解铝、硅酸和伊利石表面活性位之间的表面络合或沉淀反应，提出两种表面质子反应模型。对其中的特例，还考虑了表面离子交换反应。模拟程序的拟合结果显示两种模型对水解伊利石体系的滴定行为均可获得满意的描述。相的的表面固有酸度常数表明样品的酸碱性质之间存在一些共性。     

中国能源的现状

研究中国能源的现状，其中主要包括能源储量和能源生产以煤为主；石油和天然气在能源构成中的比例低下；煤炭储量可观，但品质不高；能源生产增长迅速；能源短缺。尤其是清洁能源短缺，清洁能源危机将会长期存在。我国如此的能源现状已造成大气环境煤烟型严重污染。我国从石油输出国已变成石油进口国，我国半个多世纪以来实施的“能源自给政策”急需调整。采用洁净煤技术开发利用清洁能源，确保经济在持续迅速发展的同时，我国大气环境免遭污染，即经济发展和大气环境保护双赢。     

ISO14000与煤炭企业的可持续发展

本文结合煤炭企业的自身特点，论述了在煤炭企业开发ISO14000环境标准的重大意义和如何开发和实施ISO14000。此外，还就存在的问题提出了解决办法，以实现煤炭企业的可持续发展。