红壤区耕地有机物质的利用现状与开发策略

应用大量的调查和试验数据,论述了红壤区耕地有机物质资源的种类、数量及分布状况;分析了目前有机物质利用的现状及存在问题;探讨了开发有机肥料资源的对策。     

稀土矿开采对土地资源的影响及植被恢复

对广东省平远县稀土矿开采对土地资源的影响进行了初步的调查和分析。同时在已进行的植被恢复措施的基础上,对其效应作了初步的分析,评价了恢复措施对水土流失和土壤理化性质的影响,并据此提出了比较适合的植被恢复措施。     

海南省农业能值分析

应用ＯｄｕｍＨＴ创立的能值分析理论和方法,对海南省农业进行了分析和评价,结果表明：由于自然条件得天独厚,环境资源对农业的贡献很大,环境资源能值占能值利用率的３０％,高于全国平均值（１３％）;净能值产出率为１．２７,高于日本和意大利,可以作为一种能值来源;农牧渔业产品的宏观经济价值远大于市场价值,农业生产中有相当大一部分环境资源无偿投入;环境承载指标为２．４４,远低于日本和意大利,环境压力较小,发展潜力很大。进而提出促进农业持续发展的有关建议与设想。     

云南省土著民族对村社生态环境和植物资源的保护

云南省土著民族在长期生产实践中积累了丰富的知识,形成了特有的习俗。这些知识和习俗对保护当地生态环境和资源发挥了重大作用。本文从宗教信仰、民俗、耕作制度、栽培、选种等方面进行归纳,以期从中汲取有益于农业持续发展的精华。     

中国沿海地区水资源及生态环境持续利用战略

由于地质和地理条件的特殊性,沿海地区生态环境极其脆弱和敏感。水资源短缺、水环境污染、海水入侵、地面沉降、生态环境退化和海平面上升,已构成我国沿海地区实现可持续发展战略面临的重大资源和环境问题。水资源和生态环境的持续利用,已成为我国沿海地区一项极其重要的战略任务。根据可持续发展理论,通过建立适应水资源持续利用的管理体制、政策和运行机制,采取生态环境可持续保护策略,可完全达到水资源和生态环境的持续利用,并有效实现中国沿海地区资源、环境与经济、社会的有机协调及经济、社会的持续、稳定、健康发展     

Effects of Amazonian flying rivers on frog biodiversity and populations in the Atlantic rainforest

Given the speed at which humans are changing the climate, species with high degrees of endemism may not have time to avoid extinction through adaptation. We investigated through teleconnection analysis the origin of rainfall that determines the phylogenetic diversity of rainforest frogs and the effects of microclimate differences in shaping the morphological traits of isolated populations (which contribute to greater phylogenetic diversity and speciation). We also investigated through teleconnection analysis how deforestation in Amazonia can affect ecosystem services that are fundamental to maintaining the climate of the Atlantic rainforest biodiversity hotspot. Seasonal winds known as flying rivers carry water vapor from Amazonia to the Atlantic Forest, and the breaking of this ecosystem service could lead Atlantic Forest species to population decline and extinction in the short term. Our results suggest that the selection of morphological traits that shape Atlantic Forest frog diversity and their population dynamics are influenced by the Amazonian flying rivers. Our results also suggest that the increases of temperature anomalies in the Atlantic Ocean due to global warming and in the Amazon forest due to deforestation are already breaking this cycle and threaten the biodiversity of the Atlantic Forest hotspot.     

Economic simulation modeling of reprocessing alternatives for corn masa byproducts

Increasing production of corn masa for tortillas, chips, and related snack foods is resulting in large quantities of organic residuals requiring environmentally sound management. These byproduct streams appear suitable for use as livestock feed material, thus eliminating landfilling costs. Possibilities for developing livestock feed include direct shipping to livestock feeding facilities, blending prior to shipping, extrusion processing, pellet mill processing, and dehydration. To assess the viability of these options for reprocessing masa byproducts as livestock feed materials, an economic model was developed and applied to each of these alternatives. Through a series of simulation runs with this model, it was determined that direct shipping was by far the most inexpensive means of recycling masa processing residuals (10–57 $/Mg). Other alternatives examined in increasing order of costs included blending prior to shipping, extrusion, pellet mill processing (3–15, 5–18, and 4–18 times greater than direct shipping, respectively), while dehydration was clearly cost-prohibitive (33–81 times greater). Bagged feed was slightly more expensive to produce than bulk feed (1.1 times greater), and reprocessing costs increased as delivery distance increased, due to increased labor, equipment, and fuel costs, but decreased as byproduct generation rate increased, due to the development of the economies of scale. Alternately, based on a tipping fee of 50 $/Mg, the total estimated cost to landfill ranged from 65 to 112 $/Mg. Based on this cost analysis, direct shipping and feeding to livestock is the recycling option of choice for masa processing byproducts. Although specific details of process configurations and associated costs will vary, similar results are likely for other high moisture food processing residuals destined for utilization as livestock feed or components thereof.     

河北省自然灾害危险性分析及其在主体功能区划评价中的应用

自然灾害危险性是主体功能区划评判的基础指标之一,用于反映特定区域自然灾害发生的可能性和灾害损失的严重性,是评价区域开发支撑条件的一个重要指标。在分析自然灾害危险性指标评价方法、流程及其在主体功能区划评价中的作用的基础上,依据河北省的自然环境特点及主要自然灾害情况,选取其主要灾害要素为评价对象,利用G IS技术对河北省自然灾害危险性进行了综合分析,并在此基础上综合评价了河北省自然灾害对区域发展的影响。     

山西根瘤菌资源多样性与特异性研究

从山西不同生态条件下,采集豆科植物根瘤,经分离、纯化、回接原寄主,获得来自３１属７１种豆科植物寄主的纯根瘤菌株２１２株．对１５４株进行了ＢＴＢ反应和生长速度测定,在ＹＭＡ培养基上产酸快生型占９７．４％．选用了其中５０株,以快生型苜蓿根瘤菌（Ｒ．ｍｅｌｉｌｏｔｉ）和豌豆根瘤菌（Ｒ．ｌｅｇｕｍｉｎｏｓａｒｕｍ）各３株为ＣＫ,进行了其它生理生化鉴定．结果表明,５６株参试菌株均不产生３－酮基乳糖．山西分离的菌株能在蛋白胨肉汤上生长的１３株;能利用柠檬酸盐的７株;石蕊牛奶反应,产酸的１２株,其中酸凝的８株,产碱的３０株,其中胨化的１１株,石蕊还原的７株．唯一碳源和氮源利用比ＣＫ更广泛．对温度的适应范围宽．比ＣＫ有更强的耐盐、耐碱和对抗菌素的耐受能力     

Using a zeolite medium biofilter to remove organic pollutant and ammonia simultaneously

IntroductionWatershortageproblemisquiteseriousinmanycitiesofChina .Thereuseofmunicipalwastewaterisoneofthekeymethodstoreleasethisproblem .Makeupwaterforrecirculatingcoolingsystemisthelargestwaterusageinmanyfactories .Thewaterqualitystandardsforreclaimedwa…