The effect of industry activities on public support for ‘fracking’

Research suggests that previous, current, and prospective extractive industry activities influence perceptions of new development. Studies that have drawn this conclusion, however, have usually focused on specific projects in specific communities. Here, these factors are examined on an aggregate, national scale. Combining geospatial data on extractive industry activities and survey data from a nationally representative sample (N = 1061), the influence of extractive industry activities on support for fracking is studied. While limited evidence is found for the impact of proximity to oil and gas wells or production on support for fracking, employment levels in the natural resources and mining sector in the respondent’s county and residence in an area experiencing active oil and gas development significantly increase support for fracking. The results highlight the role of spatial and community factors in shaping support for energy development.     

火电灰渣场自然恢复下灰渣养分及重金属含量研究

对自然恢复下4类不同年代样地的灰渣养分含量及重金属含量进行研究,通过对比分析发现,有机质、全氮、全钾、全磷含量随着自然恢复时间的增加呈现递增的趋势,全磷含量在各恢复阶段与对照样地之间并不存在显著差异(P0.05)。pH随着恢复时间的增加呈现递减的趋势。对灰渣综合质量指数进行研究发现,自然恢复长期、中期、短期与自然恢复初期对比均有显著提高(P0.05),且随着自然恢复时间的增加灰渣综合质量指数逐渐提高。对灰渣场锌、铅、铜3种重金属研究后发现,在自然恢复下随着时间的增加,灰渣中重金属含量均呈现递减的趋势。     

Comprehensive Environmental Investigation at Former Industrial/Petroleum Underground Storage Tank Sites in Long Beach,CA: A Forensic Perspective

Two industrial sites were investigated based on years of available hydrogeologic information and monitoring data for soil and groundwater. Collected data were forensically evaluated using age-dating and fingerprinting methods. The previous business uses of the project sites were as a gas station, laundry/dry-cleaning service, and car wash with petroleum underground storage tanks (USTs). As a result, these sites were exposed to a number of toxic contaminants at relatively high concentrations. Source control was necessary for successful remediation and the ultimate removal of the remaining compounds from these industrial sites. Although contaminated soil around the source was excavated during the remedial action and the high concentrations of contaminants were reduced, typical groundwater contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons as gasoline (TPH-G), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX), and oxygenates including methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) were persistently found at the studied sites around the source points. The plume and concentration of contaminants had changed their shapes and strength for all monitoring periods. Thus, additional source control seems to be a requirement for the complete removal of source contamination, which must be ascertained with groundwater and soil monitoring on a regular time base. For the study sites, monitored natural attenuation was relatively feasible for the long-term plan; however, it did not offer a perfect remediation solution for an ultimate goal because of residual toxic compounds that might have affected the surrounding residential areas at higher concentrations than their health limits. Therefore, as a remediation strategy, the combination of clean-up technology and natural attenuation with monitoring activities are more highly recommended than either clean-up or natural attenuation used separately.     

循环经济理论思索

循环经济是对近现代人类社会长期、大规模、高强度、未善待大自然的开发活动导致自然资源和生态环境逼近其耐受极限而进行反思的产物.从经济-社会-科技-自然多元复合人工自组织系统角度,研究了循环经济的科学内涵,指出循环经济是建立在组织结构协同基础上的物质循环与能量梯级利用,是集约经济的高级形态和理想模式.针对循环经济包含的若干属性特征,论述了5个基本理论问题,包括守恒与平衡、循环与协调、互动整合与倍增效应、聚集经济与产业集群、生态学基本原理应用和生态系统服务.并就生态工业系统规划设计涉及的基本方法、关键环节、人力投入等给出了政策建议.      

城市污泥模拟堆肥过程中高温菌群的筛选、鉴定及降解效果

在城市污泥模拟堆肥过程的高温期通过平板培养法筛选出一组强化菌群.该组菌群不但可以分解污泥有机质,还可以分解淀粉、蛋白质、油脂、纤维素等大分子有机物.经鉴定,筛选出的菌种分别为地衣芽孢杆菌(B.licheniformis)、短小芽孢杆菌(B.pumilus)、高温放线菌(Thermoactinomyces)、凝结芽孢杆菌(B.coagulans)、枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis);将菌株两两接种到平板,发现各菌株间可以共存.将上述菌种混合后添加到堆肥样品中,其有机质去除率、脱氢酶增加率、比耗氧速率SOUR增加率均高出不加菌样品40%以上,表明该组菌群具有使堆肥腐熟进程加快的应用潜力.     

重庆市特大旱灾的自然与社会机制分析

文章针对2006年的特大旱灾探讨了2006年的特大旱灾的特征,分析了2006年特大旱灾的形成自然机制和社会机制,并提出了今后重庆市抗御旱灾的策略。认为2006年的特大旱灾是自然因素与社会因素叠加的结果,是人类社会经济系统自身易损性的体现。     

自然土壤中苯酚降解菌的分离和系统发育分析

采用富集培养的方法,从未受苯酚污染的自然土壤中分离得到5株能以苯酚为唯一碳源生长的细菌.根据生理生化特性和系统发育分析对它们进行了初步鉴定,菌株PHD-2为Ralstonia sp.,菌株 PHD-4为Acinetobacter sp.,菌株PHD-5 为Microbacterium sp.,菌株PHD-1和PHD-3均为Pseudomonas sp.,16S rRNA基因序列的同源性比较和系统发育分析表明自然土壤中的苯酚降解菌具有丰富的多样性.     

排水管网设计中管材的选择

排水管网使用的各类排水管材种类繁多,性能差异较大.根据排水管材的材质、性能分析,对常用几种排水管材进行了技术经济比较.以实际工程为例,概述了不同施工条件和不同地质条件下排水管材的设计选择方法.     

某天然气净化厂污水处理装置改造可行性研究

通过多次的现场调研、收集资料和水质监测,分析了引进天然气净化厂生产的产污环节,现有的污水处理装置的有关设计图纸及污水处理的运行情况.在此基础上,采用理论分析与实际问题相结合的方式,针对现有污水处理过程中的不足,提出了该厂的污水处置适应性改造的可行性研究.     

磷对云龙湖富营养化优势藻及混合藻生长的影响

氮磷等营养盐的增加和藻类的过度增殖是富营养化的主要标志。大多数湖泊水体富营养化受磷元素的制约。研究表明富营养化水体的不同藻类对磷含量的依赖性各不相同。通过研究在相同氮浓度,相同温度条件下,不同磷浓度对纯种小球藻和硅藻以及天然混合藻生长速度的影响,发现在氮浓度充足的情况下,磷含量高促进小球藻生长;对硅藻却没有明显的相关性;天然水体混合藻生长速度与磷浓度呈正相关。