广西大瑶山自然保护区旅游资源开发与生态环境保护

介绍了大瑶山自然保护区的资源特色,分析了旅游开发中存在的制约因素和保护区开发旅游可能产生的环境影响,提出了旅游资源开发的重点和建议,以及生态环境保护的对策。     

我国生物多样性保护体制及其改进建议

在对我国生物多样性保护的政策和体制进行详细阐述的基础上分析其中存在的主要问题,提出改进建议.首先分析了生物多样性保护的实质,认为所谓生物多样性保护就是通过有意识地限制和调节人类活动对生物的干扰破坏,使地球上的生物多样性得以保持和恢复.因此,在本质上,生物多样性保护就是要协调人与自然之间业已失衡的关系,其目标在于实现人与自然之间的和谐和可持续发展.其后,讨论了我国生物多样性保护面临的主要挑战,指出巨大的人口压力和剧烈的人类活动是造成生物多样性破坏的主要原因.特别针对保护体制中的多部门管理和协调机制、中央和地方政府的责任和义务、保护区设立和管理以及国际合作等方面进行了分析,指出了在多头管理的体制下,各部门职责、权利和资源分配不明确、不匹配,保护区管理中重减轻管、事企合一等问题.最后,提出了相应的政策建议.     

昆仑山区构造区划初探

青藏高原虽然经过了多次考察,已经基本摸清了高原的构造格架,然而高原西北部的昆仑山—喀喇昆仑山地区的构造区划仍很不明确。经过这次考察,获得了大量新资料;新发现了库地-苏巴什为一条独立的更早阶段的重要构造界线。考察发现麻札-康西瓦-木孜塔格构造带与东面的昆仑山口-玛沁构造带相联,是真正原第四缝合带所指。由以上这两条构造带把昆仑山分成了北带、中带与南带3部分,而南带从构造发育历史看它与可可西里-巴颜喀喇区相联,不属于真正的昆仑构造区。     

长江经济带国家级自然保护区管理状况评价

为切实做好长江经济带生态环境保护工作,基于HJ 913-2017《自然保护区管理评估规范》对长江经济带120处国家级自然保护区的管理状况进行评分.以评估结果为基础,评价了自然保护区管理状况的影响因素,并提出了提升自然保护区管理质量的建议.结果表明:①长江经济带国家级自然保护区的管理状况总体较好,平均得分为81.41分.从分布地区来看,经济较发达的地区,国家级自然保护区的管理状况相对较好;从建立时间看,评估总得分与国家级自然保护区的建立时长呈正相关;从规模看,评估总得分与国家级自然保护区的面积大小呈负相关;从自然保护区类型看,野生植物类型保护区的管理状况要优于野生动物类型.②从管理基础、管理措施、管理保障、管理成效、负面影响5项评估内容来看,管理基础得分相对较高,管理保障得分相对较低.③从全部指标的评分情况来看,保护对象变化和资源调查2项指标的得分相对较高;开发建设活动影响、专业技术能力、机构设置与人员配置、动态监测4项指标的得分相对较低.④Spearman相关分析表明,与评估总得分显著相关的指标为巡护执法、日常管护、专业技术能力、管护设施.研究显示,当前国家级自然保护区的机构设置、专业人才队伍建设、监测体系和开发建设活动影响是制约其管理质量提升的主要因素.      

坚持人与自然和谐共生,推动生态文明建设——“美丽秦巴”专家笔谈

建设生态文明是中华民族永续发展的千年大计。为维护全球生态安全,建设美丽中国,为人民创造良好生产生活环境,达到坚持人与自然和谐共生的目标,就必须正确认识自然规律、尊重地球、敬畏地球、规范人类行为;必须树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念,坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策,像对待生命一样对待生态环境;必须坚持节约优先、保护优先、自然恢复为主的方针,形成节约资源和保护环境的空间格局、产业结构、生产方式和生活方式,还自然以宁静、和谐与美丽。     

Considering connections between Hollywood and biodiversity conservation

Cinema offers a substantial opportunity to share messages with a wide audience. However, there is little research or evidence about the potential benefits and risks of cinema for conservation. Given their global reach, cinematic representations could be important in raising awareness of conservation issues and species of concern, as well as encouraging greater audience engagement due to their heightened emotional impact on viewers. Yet there are also risks associated with increased exposure, including heightened visitor pressure to environmentally sensitive areas or changes to consumer demand for endangered species. Conservationists can better understand and engage with the film industry by studying the impact of movies on audience awareness and behavior, identifying measurable impacts on conservation outcomes, and engaging directly with the movie industry, for example, in an advisory capacity. This improved understanding and engagement can harness the industry's potential to enhance the positive impacts of movies featuring species, sites, and issues of conservation concern and to mitigate any negative effects. A robust evidence base for evaluating and planning these engagements, and for informing related policy and management decisions, needs to be built.     

马克思自然观的生态意义

摘要：当代社会，生态问题已成为全球性的问题。但早在马克思生存的时代就已经初露端倪，马克思对此进行了详细的阐述并且提出了解决途径。     

Discounted knowledges: farmers» and residents» understandings of nature conservation goals and policies

Local Biodiversity Action Plans are the preferred policy mechanism for setting and delivering local biodiversity targets in the UK. This paper reviews the kind of knowledge conservation scientists envisage being used to identify and set local targets, and explores the means of incorporating local knowledge into this process. We use a case study of a Wildlife Enhancement Scheme (WES) on the Pevensey Levels, East Sussex, to reveal the understandings that local farmers and residents have of the nature conservation goals and practices associated with the scheme. Drawing on the findings of in-depth discussion groups, we show how farmers challenge both the monopoly of knowledge conservationists profess about nature, and the enlistment of farmers on the scheme as «technicians», motivated solely by financial rewards, rather than as knowledgeable experts who also have emotional attachments and ethical values for nature. Local people use their knowledge of both local farmers, and the industry in general, to challenge the assumption that farmers can be trusted with delivering nature conservation goals. In the absence of a commitment by central government to agree widely-held environmental standards, and a more democratic process of making judgements about what local nature is worth conserving, local residents challenge existing processes designed to conserve nature that are driven by the knowledge and practices of official experts alone. The findings of the study suggest that a widening of the knowledge base on which the goals and practices of nature conservation are founded, and a more deliberative process of making decisions about what nature is important locally, will secure and strengthen public support for local biodiversity action plans.1998 Academic Press     

自然保护区生态旅游对比研究——以海棠山、白石砬子为例

以辽宁海棠山和白石砬子国家级自然保护区为例,基于当地社区视角,借助田野调查、半结构式访谈法收集和掌握两个自然保护区生态旅游发展的实际情况.在综合比较两个保护区所在地区旅游业发展状况的基础上分析了二者生态旅游发展的差异和所凸显的问题,并就两个自然保护区在开展生态旅游过程中面临的主要问题提出了针对性的建议意见.通过对比发现问题和认识不足,只有在相互吸取教训和彼此经验互补的基础上才能促进两个保护区生态旅游的健康可持续发展.     

大山包黑颈鹤对旅游干扰的行为反应研究

利用警戒距离和惊飞距离两个指标来反映黑颈鹤对旅游干扰的耐受性。实验表明人数的不同对黑颈鹤的惊飞距离有所不同。研究还表明游客的干扰类型以喧哗为主,占总数的73.10%。噪音分贝对黑颈鹤的警戒距离有极显著影响(p=0.0000.05)。为了在提高游客旅游体验的同时,消除旅游活动对黑颈鹤的不利影响,建议最小接近区域面积=π×39.112=4802.92m2,该区域范围内限制游客进入,并在外围设立障碍物。