The enhancement of photodegradation efficiency using Pt–TiO2 catalyst

This study investigates the mechanism of photosensitization and the recombination of excited electron–hole pairs affected by depositing platinum (Pt) on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO₂). A new catalyst of Pt–TiO₂ was prepared by a photoreduction process. Being model reactions, the photocatalytic oxidation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solutions using the Pt–TiO₂ catalyst was carried out under either UV or visible light irradiation. The experimental results indicate that an optimal content of 0.75%Pt–TiO₂ achieves the best photocatalytic performance of MB and MO degradation and that the Pt–TiO₂ catalyst can be sensitized by visible light. The interaction of Pt and TiO₂ was investigated by means of UV–Vis absorption spectra, photoluminescence emission spectra, and X-ray photoelectron emission spectroscopy. The Pt⁰, Pt²⁺ and Pt⁴⁺ species existing on the surface of Pt–TiO₂, and the Ti³⁺ species existing in its lattice may form a defect energy level. The Pt impurities, including Pt, Pt(OH)₂, and PtO₂, and the defect energy level absorb visible light more efficiently in comparison with the pure TiO₂ and hinder the recombination rate of excited electron–hole pairs.     

农作物种植结构与农民收入及其对环境影响的分析

农民增收问题是三农问题的重要环节。本文以湖南省张家界市慈利县零溪镇大庄村第五、八、十六组为研究对象,分析了自1980年实行土地包产到户以来农作物种植结构的变化及农民收入之间的关系,认为在本地以柑橘为主的单一类型农作物规模化经营最有利于降低农民劳动强度、提高农民收入,对环境既有正面影响也有负面影响,并对其带来的环境影响提出了思考和建议。     

Effective adsorption of sulfamethoxazole, bisphenol A and methyl orange on nanoporous carbon derived from metal-organic frameworks

Nanoporous carbons(NPCs) derived from metal–organic frameworks(MOFs) are attracting increasing attention in many areas by virtue of their high specific surface area, large pore volume and unique porosity. The present work reports the preparation of an NPC with high surface area(1731 m~2/g) and pore volume(1.68 cm~3/g) by direct carbonization of MOF-5. We examined the adsorption of three typical contaminants from aqueous solutions, i.e., sulfamethoxazole(SMX),bisphenol A(BPA) and methyl orange(MO), by using the as-prepared NPC. The results demonstrated that NPC could adsorb the contaminants effectively, with adsorption capacity(qm) of 625 mg/g(SMX), 757 mg/g(BPA) and 872 mg/g(MO), respectively. These values were approximately 1.0-3.2 times higher than those obtained for single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) and commercial powder active carbon(PAC) under the same conditions. With its high surface area and unique meso/macropore structure, the enhanced adsorption of NPC most likely originates from the cooperative interaction of a pore-filling mechanism, electrostatic interaction,and hydrogen bonding. In particular, the p H value has a crucial impact on adsorption, suggesting the significant contribution of electrostatic interaction between NPC and the contaminants. This study provides a proof-of-concept demonstration of MOF-derived nanoporous carbons as effective adsorbents of contaminants for water treatment.     

紫外强化铜循环催化过硫酸盐降解甲基橙

为增强Cu（Ⅱ）/PMS（PMS为活化过硫酸盐）体系的氧化能力,加速Cu（Ⅰ）和Cu（Ⅱ）之间的循环转化,以MO（甲基橙）为目标污染物,研究了Cu（Ⅱ）/PMS/UV（UV为紫外线）体系氧化降解MO的效果和反应机理,以及UV在Cu（Ⅱ）/PMS体系中的作用.结果表明:反应20 min时,Cu（Ⅱ）/PMS体系中MO的降解率为41.13%,Cu（Ⅱ）/PMS/UV体系中MO的降解率达到100%;通过投加TBA（叔丁醇）和EA（乙醇）发现,在酸性条件下体系的主要氧化物种是SO₄-·（硫酸根自由基）和少量的·OH（羟基自由基）;MO的降解率随pH的增大而减小;提高紫外灯功率和PMS投加量均有利于MO的降解;最佳Cu（Ⅱ）投加量为10.0 μmol/L,超过Cu（Ⅱ）的最佳投量会抑制MO的降解;MO的降解过程符合假一级动力学;紫外可见光谱图分析结果表明,MO最终被降解为共轭二烯类物质.研究显示,在Cu（Ⅱ）/PMS/UV体系中,UV可以有效促进Cu（Ⅱ）向Cu（Ⅰ）的转化,从而显著增强Cu（Ⅱ）/PMS体系的氧化能力,有效降解水中污染物.      

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of nanotube-like titania by sulfuric acid treatment

IntroductionTiO2 nanotubehaswidelydrawnmuchattentionduetoitslargesurfaceareaandhighphotocatalyticactivity ,becausetheyhavegreatpotentialforsuchapplicationsasenvironmentalpurification ,decompositionofcarbonicacidgas,andgenerationofhydrogengas .Titaniananot…     

Ag_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2/膨胀石墨复合光催化剂的制备及甲基橙的降解

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源、膨胀石墨(EG)为载体,通过溶胶凝胶-浸渍法制备了Ag_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2/EG复合光催化剂。采用SEM,EDS,XRD,FTIR,UV-vis等技术对其进行表征,研究了该催化剂在紫外光及可见光下对甲基橙的降解性能。表征结果显示:Ag_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)被成功负载到TiO_2上且保持Dawson结构;经Ag_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)表面修饰后的复合光催化剂可见光吸收性能增强;EG提供的丰富孔道有利于有机污染物吸附去除。实验结果表明:在甲基橙质量浓度为20 mg/L、催化剂加入量为1.0 g/L、反应温度为25℃的条件下,n(Ag)∶n(Ti)=1∶16时的复合光催化剂(ATE-2)的紫外光、可见光催化活性最佳;紫外光下反应70 min时甲基橙去除率为96.5%,可见光下反应40 h时甲基橙去除率为83.5%;ATE-2使用5次后,反应70 min时,其甲基橙去除率仍为92.5%。     

基于绿色合成法的纳米铁/活性碳复合材料对甲基橙的降解动力学研究

为了综合处理废水中的甲基橙,以绿茶萃取液为还原剂、活性炭为载体,采用液相还原法绿色合成了纳米铁/活性炭复合材料,研究了活性炭投放量、甲基橙溶液的初始浓度、溶液初始p H值及反应时间对甲基橙去除率的影响,探讨了不同影响因素下甲基橙的降解动力学。结果表明:甲基橙的降解反应近似符合一级反应动力学,反应速率常数为0.0047~0.0158 L/(mol·min)。在纳米铁/活性炭复合材料去除甲基橙的过程中,通过纳米铁的还原和活性炭的吸附共同作用,其中纳米铁对甲基橙的降解起主要作用。     

Degradation of dyestuff wastewater using visible light in the presence of a novel nano TiO2 catalyst doped with upconversion luminescence agent

IntroductionEvery year ,the dyeing processes and dye productionbring large amounts of wastewaters containing highconcentration poisonous organic compounds ( Neppolian,2002 ; An, 2002) . If not being treated properly andbetimes , the wastewaters will serio…     

机械力化学活化HPW-TiO_2/膨润土光催化降解甲基橙

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了磷钨酸(HPW)改性TiO_2,并固载于膨润土上,再经机械力化学活化,得到机械力化学活化HPW-TiO_2/膨润土(MCA-HPW-TiO_2/膨润土)复合光催化剂。采用XRD,SEM,EDS技术对复合光催化剂进行了表征,并将其用于甲基橙的紫外光催化降解。表征结果显示:活性组分TiO_2和HPW成功固载于膨润土上;在机械力化学活化作用下,膨润土层间结构遭到破坏,TiO_2的XRD特征峰形呈弥散状态。实验结果表明:机械力化学活化作用对HPW-TiO_2/膨润土的光催化性能提升效果显著;在酸性及近中性条件下MCA-HPWTiO_2/膨润土均具有较高的催化活性;在溶液p H 6.2、初始甲基橙质量浓度10 mg/L、反应时间180 min、MCAHPW-TiO_2/膨润土投加量1 g/L的条件下,甲基橙去除率达88.27%;该光催化降解过程符合一级动力学模型。     

g-C3N4/Bi2S3复合物的制备及可见光催化降解MO

采用简单溶剂热方法成功合成可见光催化剂g-C_3N_4/Bi_2S_3.合理地利用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM、HRTEM)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)等表征手段对合成的样品进行了表征.与纯g-C_3N_4和Bi_2S_3相比,g-C_3N_4/Bi_2S_3复合物对甲基橙(MO)的可见光催化降解具有更高的降解效率.根据能带分析结果,电子-空穴对的有效分离增强了光催化效率.此外,提出了g-C_3N_4/Bi_2S_3对MO的光催化降解过程以阐明降解机制.提供了一种经济简单并易于规模化扩大开发可见光响应催化剂的方法,并在废水处理中具有潜在的应用价值.