柑桔高接换种技术

从品种筛选、砧穗选择、嫁接时期与方法、嫁接部位与接芽数量,以及配套管理等方面阐述了柑桔高接换种的技术.     

Recovery of methyl orange and Congo red from aqueous solutions using tri-octyl amine (TOA) in benzene as carrier

The recovery of anionic azo dyes namely Congo red (CR), methyl orange (MO) from acidic aqueous solutions using tri-octyl amine (TOA) as an extractant has been investigated. The percentage of extraction of MO and CR increases with an increasing TOA concentration. The anionic dyes were extracted from aqueous solution at pH 2.0 ± 0.1. The extracted dye has been back extracted into aqueous solutions using sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. The organic phase obtained after the stripping of dyes was washed with dilute sodium hydroxide solution to neutralize any sulphuric acid trapped or adhered to the solvent and then with distilled water. This solvent was reused in succeeding extraction of dyes. The influencing parameters were; the effect of diluents, effect of extractant concentration, effect of pH, effect of interference study, effect of equilibrium time, various stripping reagents and stripping phase ratio. The characterization studies such as UV and IR spectra of extracted and stripped MO and CR was also studied.     

兼氧混合菌对亚甲基蓝废水生物降解实验研究

采用厦门某生物科技有限公司提供的兼氧混合菌为研究对象,利用相关设备进行中试实验,验证了该项技术的可行性。同时探究了重金属对该混合菌种生物降解能力的影响,通过中试实验研究后发现5mg/L的重铬酸钾和硫酸铜均对该混合菌种的生物降解能力有一定的影响,并且硫酸铜的影响大于重铬酸钾。此外该技术对甲基橙、刚果红废水也有一定的生物降解能力,这为兼氧混合菌用于印染废水处理提供了实验依据。     

Synthesis, crystal structure, photodegradation kinetics and photocatalytic activity of novel photocatalyst ZnBiYO4

ZnBiYO₄ was synthesized by a solid-state reaction method for the first time. The structural and photocatalytic properties of ZnBiYO₄ were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance. ZnBiYO₄ crystallized with a tetragonal spinel structure with space group I41/A. The lattice parameters for ZnBiYO₄ were a = b = 11.176479 Å and c= 10.014323 Å. The band gap of ZnBiYO₄ was estimated to be 1.58 eV. The photocatalytic activity of ZnBiYO₄ was assessed by photodegradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The results showed that ZnBiYO₄ had higher catalytic activity compared with N-doped TiO₂ under the same experimental conditions using visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange with ZnBiYO₄ or N-doped TiO₂ as catalyst followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the first-order rate constant was 0.01575 and 0.00416 min^-1 for ZnBiYO₄ and N-doped TiO₂, respectively. After visible light irradiation for 220 min with ZnBiYO₄ as catalyst, complete removal and mineralization of methyl orange were observed. The reduction of total organic carbon, formation of inorganic products, SO₄^2- and NO₃^-, and evolution of CO₂ revealed the continuous mineralization of methyl orange during the photocatalytic process. The intermediate products were identified using liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry. The ZnBiYO₄/(visible light) photocatalysis system was found to be suitable for textile industry wastewater treatment and could be used to solve other environmental chemical pollution problems.     

载银活性炭活化过硫酸钠降解酸性橙7

采用硝酸氧化的颗粒活性炭浸渍制备Ag/GAC活化剂,利用N₂吸附、 SEM、 FT-IR及XRD对Ag/GAC进行表征,得出Ag成功负载于颗粒活性炭上,并以Ag/GAC在常温常压下活化过硫酸钠(PS)产生硫酸根自由基(SO^－4 ·)降解偶氮染料酸性橙7(AO7). 考察了Ag负载量、 PS浓度、 Ag/GAC投加量、 初始pH对AO7降解效果的影响. 结果表明,当Ag负载量为12.7 mg ·g^-1、 n(PS) :n(AO7)为120 :1、 Ag/GAC投加量为1.0 g ·L^-1,降解180 min后AO7降解率达95.0%以上. 初始pH对Ag/GAC活化PS降解AO7有较大影响,pH为5.0时降解效果最优. 通过紫外可见光谱、 气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)对AO7降解过程进行了探讨,在降解过程中AO7的偶氮键和萘环结构均被破坏,并检测出主要降解产物有邻苯二甲酸和乙酰苯.     

Fe-NaA分子筛膜的制备及催化湿式H2O2氧化甲基橙溶液

采用湿法造纸、二次生长和湿法浸渍法合成了一种新型微纤复合Fe-NaA分子筛膜催化剂,并将其用于催化湿式H_2O_2氧化甲基橙溶液.首先通过湿法造纸和烧结工艺制备纸状烧结不锈钢微纤(PSSF)载体,然后采用二次生长法在PSSF上合成NaA分子筛膜,最后以九水硝酸铁(Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O)和微纤复合NaA分子筛膜为原料,利用湿法浸渍法制备微纤复合Fe-NaA分子筛膜催化剂.考察了连续固定床反应器中温度、床层高度、进料液流量和甲基橙入口浓度对甲基橙降解性能的影响,并测定了催化剂重复使用3次后的稳定性.结果表明,随温度及床层高度增加,甲基橙转化率先增加然后趋于稳定;随进料液流量增加,甲基橙转化率均大于95%,但COD脱除率略有降低,当流量分别为2、3和4 mL·min~(-1),固定床连续运转5 h时COD脱除率分别为81.9%、76.4%和69.8%;随甲基橙入口浓度增加,其转化率变化幅度很小.在pH=2、催化剂床层高度2.0 cm、温度70℃、进料液流量4 mL·min~(-1)、甲基橙浓度50～200 mg·L~(-1)、固定床连续运转5 h的条件下,甲基橙转化率超过96%,COD转化率大于67%,铁浸出浓度低于4 mg·L~(-1).催化剂被重复使用3次后,甲基橙转化率基本保持不变.     

糠醛渣对水中甲基橙的吸附性能

为了探究糠醛生产中的废料糠醛渣对水体中甲基橙的吸附性能和吸附机制,利用FT-IR（傅里叶变换红外光谱）和SEM（扫描电镜）对糠醛渣的结构特性进行表征,浅析糠醛渣对甲基橙的吸附机制;通过模拟试验,考察了吸附剂用量、pH、吸附时间和温度等因素对糠醛渣吸附甲基橙过程的影响;采用吸附动力学模型和吸附等温模型,进一步探讨了糖醛渣吸附机制.结果表明:①糠醛渣结构疏松多孔,表面具有丰富的官能团,有利于吸附.②糠醛渣能高效吸附水中甲基橙,在温度为293 K、pH为4~9、吸附剂用量为0.2 g时,糠醛渣对400 mg/L的甲基橙吸附效果最好;吸附过程在60 min左右达到平衡,并且较好地符合准二级动力学模型（R2=0.999 9）;吸附量随温度的升高而减少,表明该吸附过程为放热过程;在293 K时最大理论吸附量为54.35 mg/g,吸附数据更符合Langmuir吸附等温模型（R2=0.993 3）,表明糠醛渣对甲基橙的吸附主要为单层吸附.③糠醛渣可再生重复利用,吸附甲基橙后的糠醛渣用0.1 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液进行解吸再生试验,第5次使用时对甲基橙仍然具有较好的吸附效果.研究显示,糠醛渣在室温条件下、较宽的pH范围内能快速高效地吸附水中的甲基橙,并且重复利用性好,是一种在偶氮染料废水处理中具有发展前景的廉价、可再生生物质吸附材料.      

生物合成施氏矿物作为类芬顿反应催化剂降解甲基橙的研究

应用生物合成施氏矿物作为光助类芬顿反应催化剂促进甲基橙的降解.施氏矿物通过A.f-LX5细胞悬浮液在初始p H值2.5和28℃时氧化Fe SO43d生成,并进行X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜表征.本研究分析了不同初始p H、H2O2浓度及催化剂装载量对在光助类芬顿反应中甲基橙氧化降解效率的影响.结果表明,生物合成施氏矿物具有较高的催化活性,并且通过羟基自由基机制使甲基橙降解.在近中性、较高Cl-、SO2-4及NO-3浓度条件下,施氏矿物仍然能保持较高催化甲基橙降解的效率.本研究验证了以生物合成施氏矿物作为催化剂的异相光助类芬顿反应是一种处理含甲基橙废水有应用前景的高级氧化技术.     

覆盖对南方红壤桔园生态系统的影响

连续４年观测了几种覆盖处理下红壤坡地桔园内气温、土温、土壤水分状况，土壤养分及土壤物理性状的差异，分析了造成这些差异的直接原因，提出地膜加草覆盖是南方红壤无灌溉条件坡地桔园最理想的覆盖方式之一。     

高炉渣制备光催化剂及其催化活性的研究

以废弃的冶金高炉渣为原料,采用混酸酸溶-水热合成法制备了光催化剂,并对其进行了SEM、UV-Vis、XRD、比表面积等物性测试分析;通过处理甲基橙模拟废水,探讨了制备过程中渣酸比、混酸配比、渣用量、溶渣时间等条件对高炉渣制光催化剂活性的影响。将所制光催化剂与P25光催化剂进行对比分析,结果表明,高炉渣制光催化剂不仅具有较高的光催化活性,而且制备成本低廉,仅为P25光催化剂的1/10,这对于冶金高炉渣的循环再利用及光催化氧化技术的工业化应用具有重要的实际意义。