水生野生动物自然保护区河流生态系统服务功能价值评价——以长江湖北宜昌中华鲟自然保护区为例

论文根据长江湖北宜昌中华鲟自然保护区的特点,尝试对保护区所在江段河流生态系统服务价值建立了评价体系,主要对该保护区河流生态系统服务价值中的直接使用价值和间接使用价值进行了评估。结果表明:保护区生态功能服务年总价值为59 920×104元,以间接使用价值为主要体现,占总价值的66.4%。间接价值中以珍稀水生野生动物(中华鲟、胭脂鱼)的保护价值最高,为27 290×104元/年,占总价值的45.54%,远远超过了其科研价值(410×104元/年)。表明保护区的建立对珍稀水生野生动物保护及其特有生境的保存、产卵栖息地保留方面具有重要意义,但政府应加强科研投入。     

Ethical considerations when conservation research involves people

Social science is becoming increasingly important in conservation, with more studies involving methodologies that collect data from and about people. Conservation science is a normative and applied discipline designed to support and inform management and practice. Poor research practice risks harming participants and, researchers, and can leave negative legacies. Often, those at the forefront of field-based research are early-career researchers, many of whom enter their first research experience ill-prepared for the ethical conundrums they may face. We draw on our own experiences as early-career researchers to illuminate how ethical challenges arise during conservation research that involves human participants. Specifically, we considered ethical review procedures, conflicts of values, and power relations, and devised broad recommendations on how to navigate ethical challenges when they arise during research. In particular, we recommend researchers apply reflexivity (i.e., thinking that allows researchers to recognize the effect researchers have on the research) to help navigate ethical challenges and encourage greater engagement with ethical review processes and the development of ethical guidelines for conservation research that involves human participants. Such guidelines must be accompanied by the integration of rigorous ethical training into conservation education. We believe our experiences are not uncommon and can be avoided and hope to spark discussion to contribute to a more socially just conservation.     

扬子鳄资源数量、价值及开发利用现状

对扬子鳄资源的经济、生态及科研价值进行合理的评价；根据扬子鳄野外及人工养殖的资源数量,论述了扬子鳄资源开发利用的现状及存在的问题,并分析了扬子鳄资源开发利用的发展对策     

Extreme value analysis of Munich air pollution data

We present three different approaches to modelling extreme values of daily air pollution data. We fitted a generalized extreme value distribution to the monthly maxima of daily concentration measures. For the exceedances of a high threshold depending on the data, the parameters of the generalized Pareto distribution were estimated. Accounting for autocorrelation, clusters of exceedances were used. To obtain information about the relationship of the exceedance of the air quality standard and possible predictors we applied logistic regression. Results and their interpretation are given for daily average concentrations of ozone and nitrogen dioxide at two monitoring sites within the city of Munich.     

Spatial and Temporal Features of Ambient Air-Quality over Taiwan

This study analyzed a time series data of daily subPSI values to determine the temporal and spatial characteristics of ambient air-quality in Taiwan by employing the Varimax rotational method. The first and second rotational principal components nearly accounted for 54 and 19% for the variation of subPSI values over Taiwan. The factor loadings between rotational principal components and subPSI values of air pollutants identified the first and second components as combustion and photochemical sources, respectively. Time series analysis of rotational component scores associated with regions showed the relationships between rotational components and subPSI values and also revealed the optimum simulation period for combustion and photochemical sources.     

发挥新闻媒体在环境保护中的作用

环境宣传的对象是社会各阶层的公众而新闻媒体是向公众传播环境文化、传递环境保护信息的重要载体.通过新闻媒体宣传党和国家的环境保护方针政策、法律法规、科普知识以及动员公众参与环境保护的各项活动,将保护环境、改善生态、合理利用与节约各种资源的意识和行动渗透到公众的理念中具有十分重要的作用.引导公众积极参与环保公益活动,不断提高公众的环境意识是环境宣传的基本任务.     

交通噪声污染经济损失估算方法比较研究

目前闷内外对于噪声污染经济损失的研究还相当有限，且采用的方法也存在很大的差别。运用环境经济学的观点和方法，提出了估算噪声污染损失的3种常用方法；损害费用法、意愿型调查评估法和防护费用法，并对其进行了比较研究。     

岷江水系河水与沉积物中稀土,稀有元素背景值及其特征初探

报告了岷江水系河水及沉积物中８种稀土元素（Ｌａ，Ｃｅ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｅｕ，Ｔｂ，Ｙｂ，Ｌｕ）及８种稀有元素（Ｒｂ，Ｃｓ，Ｓｒ，Ｂａ，Ｓｂ，Ｔｈ，Ｓｃ，Ｕ）的背景值及其特征，并对元素的排列顺序及元素间的相关关系进行了初步探索，还列出了１６种元素在原水同积物中的相关矩阵及相互间的相关回归方程。     

Understanding the effects of different social data on selecting priority conservation areas

Conservation success is contingent on assessing social and environmental factors so that cost‐effective implementation of strategies and actions can be placed in a broad social–ecological context. Until now, the focus has been on how to include spatially explicit social data in conservation planning, whereas the value of different kinds of social data has received limited attention. In a regional systematic conservation planning case study in Australia, we examined the spatial concurrence of a range of spatially explicit social values and land‐use preferences collected using a public participation geographic information system and biological data. We used Zonation to integrate the social data with the biological data in a series of spatial‐prioritization scenarios to determine the effect of the different types of social data on spatial prioritization compared with biological data alone. The type of social data (i.e., conservation opportunities or constraints) significantly affected spatial prioritization outcomes. The integration of social values and land‐use preferences under different scenarios was highly variable and generated spatial prioritizations 1.2–51% different from those based on biological data alone. The inclusion of conservation‐compatible values and preferences added relatively few new areas to conservation priorities, whereas including noncompatible economic values and development preferences as costs significantly changed conservation priority areas (48.2% and 47.4%, respectively). Based on our results, a multifaceted conservation prioritization approach that combines spatially explicit social data with biological data can help conservation planners identify the type of social data to collect for more effective and feasible conservation actions.     

Value Plurality among Conservation Professionals

Abstract: Debate on the values that underpin conservation science is rarely based on empirical analysis of the values conservation professionals actually hold. We used Q methodology to investigate the values held by international conservation professionals who attended the annual Student Conference in Conservation Science at the University of Cambridge (U.K.) in 2008 and 2009. The methodology offers a quantitative means of examining human subjectivity. It differs from standard opinion surveys in that individual respondents record the way they feel about statements relative to other statements, which forces them to focus their attention on the issues they believe are most important. The analysis extracts the diverse viewpoints of the respondents, and factor analysis is used to reduce the viewpoints to a smaller set of factors that reflect shared ways of thinking. The junior conservation professionals attending the conference did not share a unifying set of core values; rather, they held a complex series of ideas and a plurality of opinions about conservation and how it should be pursued. This diversity of values empirically challenges recent proposals for conservation professionals to unite behind a single philosophy. Attempts to forge an artificial consensus may be counterproductive to the overall goals conservation professionals are pursuing.