典型聚合物材料平行双板水平火蔓延规律研究

为了研究固体可燃物多火焰火蔓延规律及传热控制机理,开展了竖向水平排列的PMMA单一平板和平行双板火蔓延规律研究。基于水平火蔓延实验台,考虑平板尺寸、平行双板的竖直间距两个主要因素,分析此类条件下的火蔓延速度、火焰高度和火焰宽度等参数。实验研究发现,PMMA板水平火蔓延过程中,热解前锋呈V型,预热区长度随平板间距的增大先增大后减小。平行双板工况下,在研究考虑的间距范围内火焰始终保持合并,火蔓延速度、火焰高度及宽度明显大于单一平板,且均随间距的增加先增大后减小,三者峰值出现的位置与样件尺寸有关。上层PMMA板上下表面的辐射热流随间距的变化规律与火蔓延速度变化规律一致,因此推断辐射作用在平行双板水平火蔓延中起到主导作用。     

Prenatal screening for haemoglobin disorders

The technology has been available to detect carriers of haemoglobin disorders since the late 1960s. Prenatal diagnosis has been available since 1978. First trimester diagnosis by chorionic villus sampling and DNA analysis was introduced in 1982, and subsequent simplifications in DNA technology have made screening, counselling and prenatal diagnosis cost-effective at the community level, in countries at all levels of development. Audit of prenatal diagnosis for haemoglobin disorders in countries which have the resources and infrastructure necessary for genetic population screening (such as the UK and other European countries), has shown that the number of prenatal diagnoses actually performed fall far short of expectation. The demonstration that this reflects failures in delivering information, screening and counselling to the populations at risk, rather than rejection of prenatal diagnosis, shows the importance of placing more emphasis on the organisational and social requirements for genetic population screening. In some countries current attitudes towards abortion exclude provision of prenatal diagnosis within the health service, but in many such cases it has been set up in the private sector. It is also being introduced through combined private and charitable efforts in an increasing number of developing countries, including some with extremely limited health resources: such centres are likely to act as nuclei for emergence of genetics services in these communities. A particularly notable recent achievement is the introduction of prenatal diagnosis in Nigeria, where 1–2% of all children born suffer from sickling disorders.     

鼎湖山药用蕨类植物资源与分布

鼎湖山蕨类植物资源十分丰富，共有４０科７８属１３４种，本文调查了鼎湖山境内现有分布的可药用蕨类植物有３４科５９属９０种，并对其生境分布，药用功效，化学成分作了阐述，它们在鼎湖山植物被的种类成分上占有一定地位，许多常用的民间单，验方中有新用途的药物未开发在科学系统地调查研究的基础上制定出可行的开发利用计划。     

The effects of drop size and formulation upon the spread of pesticide droplets impacting on water‐sensitive papers

Abstract

The effects of drop size and formulation upon the spread of pesticide droplets impacting on water‐sensitive papers (WSPs) was investigated. Droplets of diameter 70–350 μm, of four permethrin formulations, were produced using a monosize droplet generator. The droplets were collected on WSPs and in Dow Corning fluid and their diameters measured using a binocular microscope. Spread factors, upon the WSPs, for each dropsize/formulation combination were then calculated. Spread factors varied with both formulation and droplet size and for droplets of 200 and 300 μm diameter spread was significantly correlated with the dynamic surface tension of the formulation. The results suggest that proper calibration of WSPs is necessary for effective droplet sizing.     

地震谣言平息后的思考

对福建省沿海地区 1999年“9· 2 6”地震谣言的来因、传播过程及平息效果进行了分析讨论。给出了地震谣言平息后的几点思考     

安徽省地震谣传特征及控制对策

归纳总结安徽省自 1976年唐山大地震至 1998年 2 0余年弱震、少震的时期里地震谣传发生、发展的特征和紧急平息地震谣传的经验 ,结合实际提出了对地震谣传的长期预防对策。     

动力电池热失控引发电动汽车火灾的典型特征研究

为深入研究电动汽车火灾特点,基于电动汽车整车燃烧实验平台进行整车燃烧实验,探讨电动汽车动力电池热失控引发火灾的燃烧蔓延特征、烟气蔓延特征和典型痕迹特征。结果表明:热失控引发的电动汽车火灾燃烧过程由底盘向车头和车尾蔓延,烟气火焰通过底板处的空隙进入乘员舱,烟气浓度短时间内便可使车内乘员丧命;整车烧损痕迹呈现两头重中间轻的特征,电池模组及单体呈现向早期热失控模组或单体挤压变形的痕迹。     

基于元胞自动机的城市地震次生火灾蔓延模型

根据模拟复杂系统的元胞自动机,并利用其组成,构建了城市地震次生火灾蔓延模型.通过相关参数的初步量化,模拟了某小区的火灾蔓延,得到了大面积阻火要素,如道路、公园等对阻止火势进一步蔓延的重要作用,及风对火蔓延的重要影响,又考虑了消防扑救对控制火势蔓延的影响,为城市规划和震后火灾扑救提供参考.     

森林地表火蔓延模拟方法及其计算机实现

进行了森林火蔓延的研究,对传统的经验公式和模型进行改进,明显发现改进的模型有更好的结果,用计算机巧妙准确地实现了模拟模型,在风力不是特别大,地形变化不是特别剧烈时,该模型有较高精度;并结合火蔓延的主要因素（气象因子、气候、地形等）,进行系统分析,写出算地,编制实现地表火蔓延的预测预报计算机系统软件。这对于有效的组织扑救、减少火灾损失、计算森林火灾的损失评估有重要意义。     

渗透系数级差对污染物在低渗透透镜体中的迁移影响研究

利用二维模拟槽研究非均质含水层中渗透系数级差对低渗透透镜体内污染物迁移的影响,确定不同渗透系数级差下污染物在透镜体中的波及效率和去除效率,建立低渗透透镜体内波及/去除效率、入渗/反冲时间和渗透系数级差三者之间的定量关系.结果表明：在污染过程中,污染物的迁移速度随渗透系数级差的增大而减小;在0.5m/d的地下水流速下,当渗透系数级差从3增大至52时,污染物波及效率达到100%所需要的时间从8h上升至360h;污染物的波及效率Z与入渗时间t成正相关关系与渗透系数级差K_mn呈负相关关系,其函数关系为Z=（109.623/K_mn²+1.035/K_mn+0.447）t.在模拟抽出处理的过程中,污染物的去除速度随渗透系数级差的增大而减小;当渗透系数级差从3增大至52时,污染物的去除效率达到100%所需的时间从13h升高至480h;污染物在透镜体中的去除效率Z'与反冲时间t和渗透系数级差K_mn的函数关系为Z'=（54.999/K_mn²+6.605/K_mn+0.098）t.对比两个过程可发现,污染物在非均质含水层中的污染和修复过程在时间方面呈现出不可逆性.随着渗透系数级差的增大,污染和去除过程中低渗透透镜体内波及/去除效率达100%的时间差值从5h逐渐增大至120h,"拖尾"效应越来越明显.